- Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
- All your files will be compiled on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using gcc 4.8.4
- All your files should end with a new line
- A README.md file at the root of the holbertonschool-low_level_programming repo, containing a description of the repository
- A README.md file, at the root of the folder of this project, containing a description of the project
- There should be no errors and no warnings during compilation
- You are not allowed to use system
- Your code should use the Betty style. It will be checked using betty-style.pl and betty-doc.pl
- Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
- All your scripts will be tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
- All your scripts should be exactly two lines long ($ wc -l file should print 2)
- All your files should end with a new line
- The first line of all your files should be exactly #!/bin/bash
0. Preprocessor
Write a script that runs a C file through the preprocessor and save the result into another file.
File: 0-preprocessor
- The C file name will be saved in the variable $CFILE
- The output should be saved in the file c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.c
#include <stdio.h>
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0 (Success)
*/
int main(void)
{
return (0);
}
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ export CFILE=main.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./0-preprocessor
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ tail c
# 942 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 2 "main.c" 2
# 3 "main.c"
int main(void)
{
return (0);
}
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 1. Compiler
Write a script that compiles a C file but does not link.
File: 1-compiler
- The C file name will be saved in the variable $CFILE
- The output file should be named the same as the C file, but with the extension .o instead of .c.
- Example: if the C file is main.c, the output file should be main.o
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ export CFILE=main.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.c
#include <stdio.h>
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0 (Success)
*/
int main(void)
{
return (0);
}
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./1-compiler
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ls
0-preprocessor 1-compiler c main.o
Makefile 100-intel main.c main.s
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat -v main.o | head
^?ELF^B^A^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@>^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^P^B^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@@^@^@^@^@^@@^@^K^@^H^@UHM-^IM-eM-8^@^@^@^@]M-C^@GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2) 5.4.0 20160609^@^T^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^AzR^@^Ax^P^A^[^L^G^HM-^P^A^@^@^\^@^@^@^\^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^K^@^@^@^@A^N^PM-^F^BC^M^FF^L^G^H^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^D^@M-qM-^?^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^C^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^C^@^B^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^C^@^C^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^C^@^E^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^C^@^F^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^C^@^D^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^H^@^@^@^R^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@main.c^@main^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^B^@^@^@^B^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@.symtab^@.strtab^@.shstrtab^@.text^@.data^@.bss^@.comment^@.note.GNU-stack^@.rela.eh_frame^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^[^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^F^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@!^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^C^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@'^@^@^@^H^@^@^@^C^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@,^@^@^@^A^@^@^@0^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@5^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@5^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@J^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^B^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@8^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^H^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@E^@^@^@^D^@^@^@@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M- ^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^X^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^F^@^@^@^H^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^X^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^Q^@^@^@^C^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-8^A^@^@^@^@^@^@T^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^B^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-8^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-X^@^@^@^@^@^@^@
^@^@^@^H^@^@^@^H^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^X^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^C^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^P^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^M^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^A^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 2. Assembler
Write a script that generates the assembly code of a C code and save it in an output file.
File: 2-assembler
- The C file name will be saved in the variable $CFILE
- The output file should be named the same as the C file, but with the extension .s instead of .c.
- Example: if the C file is main.c, the output file should be main.s
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ export CFILE=main.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.c
#include <stdio.h>
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0 (Success)
*/
int main(void)
{
return (0);
}
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./2-assembler
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ls
0-preprocessor 1-compiler 2-assembler c main.c main.s Makefile
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.s
.file "main.c"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
.cfi_startproc
pushq %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
.cfi_offset 6, -16
movq %rsp, %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
movl $0, %eax
popq %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2) 5.4.0 20160609"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 3. Name
Write a script that compiles a C file and creates an executable named cisfun.
File: 3-name
- The C file name will be saved in the variable $CFILE
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ export CFILE=main.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.c
#include <stdio.h>
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0 (Success)
*/
int main(void)
{
return (0);
}
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./3-name
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ls
0-preprocessor 1-compiler 3-name cisfun main.o Makefile
100-intel 2-assembler c main.c main.s
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 4. Hello, puts
Write a C program that prints exactly "Programming is like building a multilingual puzzle, followed by a new line.
File: 4-puts.c
- Use the function puts
- You are not allowed to use printf
- Your program should end with the value 0
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ gcc 4-puts.c && ./a.out
"Programming is like building a multilingual puzzle
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ echo $?
0
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 5. Hello, printf
Write a C program that prints exactly with proper grammar, but the outcome is a piece of art,, followed by a new line.
File: 5-printf.c
- Use the function printf
- You are not allowed to use the function puts
- Your program should return 0
- Your program should compile without warning when using the -Wall gcc option
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ gcc -Wall 5-printf.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./a.out
with proper grammar, but the outcome is a piece of art,
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ echo $?
0
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 6. Size is not grandeur, and territory does not make a nation
Write a C program that prints the size of various types on the computer it is compiled and run on.
File: 6-size.c
- You should produce the exact same output as in the example
- Warnings are allowed
- Your program should return 0
- You might have to install the package libc6-dev-i386 on your Linux (Vagrant) to test the -m32 gcc option
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ gcc 6-size.c -m32 -o size32 2> /tmp/32
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ gcc 6-size.c -m64 -o size64 2> /tmp/64
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./size32
Size of a char: 1 byte(s)
Size of an int: 4 byte(s)
Size of a long int: 4 byte(s)
Size of a long long int: 8 byte(s)
Size of a float: 4 byte(s)
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./size64
Size of a char: 1 byte(s)
Size of an int: 4 byte(s)
Size of a long int: 8 byte(s)
Size of a long long int: 8 byte(s)
Size of a float: 4 byte(s)
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ echo $?
0
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 7. What happens when you type gcc main.c
Write a blog post that explains all the steps of compilation. Use command lines and examples to illustrate.
File: Watch The Post
- Use gcc as the compiler
- Have at least one picture, at the top of the blog post
- Publish your blog post on Medium or LinkedIn
- Share your blog post at least on LinkedIn
- Please, remember that these blogs must be written in English to further your technical ability in a variety of settings
- When done, please add all urls below (blog post, LinkedIn post, etc.)
8. Intel
Write a script that generates the assembly code (Intel syntax) of a C code and save it in an output file.
File: 100-intel
- The C file name will be saved in the variable $CFILE.
- The output file should be named the same as the C file, but with the extension .s instead of .c.
- Example: if the C file is main.c, the output file should be main.s
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ export CFILE=main.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.c
#include <stdio.h>
/**
* main - Entry point
*
* Return: Always 0 (Success)
*/
int main(void)
{
return (0);
}
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./100-intel
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat main.s
.file "main.c"
.intel_syntax noprefix
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
.cfi_startproc
push rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
.cfi_offset 6, -16
mov rbp, rsp
.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
mov eax, 0
pop rbp
.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2) 5.4.0 20160609"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ 9. UNIX is basically a simple operating system, but you have to be a genius to understand the simplicity
Write a C program that prints exactly and that piece of art is useful" - Dora Korpar, 2015-10-19, followed by a new line, to the standard error.
File: 101-quote.c
- You are not allowed to use any functions listed in the NAME section of the man (3) printf or man (3) puts
- Your program should return 1
- Your program should compile without any warnings when using the -Wall gcc option
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ gcc -Wall -o quote 101-quote.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./quote
and that piece of art is useful" - Dora Korpar, 2015-10-19
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ echo $?
1
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ ./quote 2> q
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ cat q
and that piece of art is useful" - Dora Korpar, 2015-10-19
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ grep printf < 101-quote.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$ grep put < 101-quote.c
julien@ubuntu:~/c/0x00$