How To Maintenance Server

I will share my notes about maintenance server. Im new in dev ops field.

I think the best method to learn is with write down what you learn and share it to others. so i do this.

I just learn and share what i learn to you. I hope you enjoy it.

This article is about software.

Give me support by star this repo or give donation.

Choose Right Hosting Service

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You have to choose the right hosting service.

For make right decision you must consider your:

1. Apps (What apps you want to hosting)
2. Budget
3. Skill

A. Shared Hosting

Aspect	Description
Apps	Wordpress hosting, laravel, static pages
Trafic	Low
Control Panel	cpanel
Budget	Low
Skill	Not a dev ops person. usually you're just programmer making apps

B. VPS

Aspect	Description
Apps	everything (wordpress, node js, phoenix, php, python, static)
Trafic	Medium - High
Control Panel	In vps you must install your control panel by yourself. so you must choose. see this section
Budget	Medium - High
Skill	Dev ops person.

My Recommendation

With considering many aspect i choose domainesia as my hosting provider.

If you in indonesia, i highly recommended domainesia as your hosting provider.

I buy VPS in here, The customer service is fast and helpful. the technical support also solve my problem. Even you can ask them to solve your problem.

The price maybe higher than other hosting provider indonesia. but you will not be disappointed buying here.

Explanation

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Operating system

I prefer using ubuntu LTS. i haven't try centos.

Control Panel

In case you are using your server for many website which is PHP website.

You can use:

• Cpanel (paid services) Easy to use, a lot of feature.

• Cyberpanel (free) <- i use this. Not that easy, but its still good.

Overall Monitoring

• Webmin (Free), Lot of feature to explore.

Backup

There are method for backup on server or backup on local.

I choose backup on local(OFFLINE). because if my server completely destroyed i still have backup on OFFLINE. I backup using hardisk.

I will do it every month. for synchronization.

Using .sh script so i just execute it. and wait the proccess done.

make file backup.sh then

chmod +x backup.sh

The script is depends on your needs. what you want to backup, here the example from my needs:

For Assets Backup (Image/Video/etc)

Method 1

Folder on server -> Send to local -> zip

Im not zip and unzip on server for now. because it will take more server resources (HIGH CPU & RAM) and spaces.

This is the commands for it.

scp -r YOUR_USERNAME@YOUR_SERVER_IP:/absolute_path/THE_FOLDER_IN_SERVER_YOU_WANT_TO_BACKUP /absolute_path/YOUR_LOCAL_FOLDER_HERE

the -r mean reqursive (for folder backup).

Method 2

Folder on server -> zip first -> Send to local -> delete zip on server

Maybe i will use zip first then send to local later. after considering many things such as:

• Is your server have free storage at least one to one of folder you will zip?

Example if your folder size is 3GB so at least your server have 3GB free storage.

For MySQL Database Backup

We must login to vps without password.

Now make script for backup MySQL without typing a password

Make file .my.cnf and fill with

[mysqldump]
user=admin
password=your_password

Then execute backup with this:

mysqldump --defaults-file=/absolute_path_to/.my.cnf -u DB_USERNAME DB_NAME > my_db.sql

For PostgreSQL Database Backup

BACKUP

PGPASSWORD=your_password pg_dump -U your_username -h localhost -p 5432 db_name > archive_name.sql

Bash Script Example

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# Procedural Backup Web Storage, Mysql, Postgres
# example.com
# https://github.com/albirrkarim/how-to-maintenance-server

Backup_Folder="/Users/susanto/Downloads"
ServerName="example.com"
Username="root"
ServerIP="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
RSAPrivateKey="/Users/susanto/.ssh/example"

# Timestamp
now="$(date +'%d_%m_%Y_%H_%M_%S')"

echo "Starting Backup for $ServerName with assets, db mysql, db postgres on $now"

# For File Storage Backup
scp -r $Username@$ServerIP:/home/admin/projects/reticulum/storage $Backup_Folder/storage_reticulum
scp -r $Username@$ServerIP:/home/admin/projects/laravel/storage/app/public $Backup_Folder/storage_laravel


BackupDBPathOnServer="/home/admin/backup_db";

# Backup MySQL
db_name_mysql="laravel_db"
db_username_mysql="admin"
filename="db_mysql_"$ServerName"_$now".sql

# for the .my.cnf see https://github.com/albirrkarim/how-to-maintenance-server#for-mysql-database-backup
ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "mysqldump --defaults-file=/home/admin/.my.cnf -u $db_username_mysql $db_name_mysql > $BackupDBPathOnServer/$filename"


# Backup Postgres Database
db_name_postgres="ret_prod"
db_username_postgres="postgres"
db_password_postgres="postgres"
filename_postgres="db_postgres_"$ServerName"_$now".sql


ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "PGPASSWORD=$db_password_postgres pg_dump -U $db_username_postgres -h localhost -p 5432 $db_name_postgres > $BackupDBPathOnServer/$filename_postgres"

# Download database to local
scp $Username@$ServerIP:$BackupDBPathOnServer/$filename $Backup_Folder/$filename
scp $Username@$ServerIP:$BackupDBPathOnServer/$filename_postgres $Backup_Folder/$filename_postgres


echo "Backup for $ServerName Done"

Restore

I haven't test this script yet

Upload Folder to Server Using SCP

scp -r /local_dir user@example.com:/var/www/html/target_dir

For MySQL Database Restore

mysql -u [user] -p [database_name] < [filename].sql

For PostgreSQL Database Restore

pg_restore -d example_db example_db.sql

Bash Script For Restore

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# Procedural Restore Web Storage, Mysql, Postgres
# example.com
# https://github.com/albirrkarim/how-to-maintenance-server


# Setting Up
ZipName="full_backup_31_12_2022"
ZipFilePath="/Users/susanto/Downloads/$ZipName.zip"
ServerName="example"
Username="root"
ServerIP="123.123.123.123"
RSAPrivateKey="/Users/susanto/.ssh/example"
UploadDestinationOnServer="/home/admin/restore"

# The backup folder contains
# storage_A, storage_B, db_mysql_ServerName.sql, db_postgres_ServerName.sql

# Timestamp
now="$(date +'%d_%m_%Y_%H_%M_%S')"

echo "Starting Restore for $ServerName with assets, db mysql, db postgres on $now"

# For Uploading Backup Zip
scp $ZipFilePath $Username@$ServerIP:$UploadDestinationOnServer

# # Extract the zip
ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "cd $UploadDestinationOnServer && unzip $ZipName.zip"

# # Copy the storage folder to each destination
ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "cp -r $UploadDestinationOnServer/$ZipName/storage_A /absolute_destination_A"
ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "cp -r $UploadDestinationOnServer/$ZipName/storage_B /absolute_destination_B"

# Backup MySQL For Laravel
db_name_mysql="laravel_akvirtual"
db_username_mysql="admin"
db_password_mysql="your_password"
filename_mysql="db_mysql_"$ServerName"_"$now".sql"

# Check is mysql config exist on server
MysqlConfigTxt="mysql_config_user_"$db_username_mysql".txt"

if [[ ! -f $UploadDestinationOnServer"/"$MysqlConfigTxt ]]
then
    echo $MysqlConfigTxt" File Doesn't Exist"
    ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "cd $UploadDestinationOnServer && echo '[mysqldump]\nuser=$db_username_mysql\npassword=$db_password_mysql' > '$MysqlConfigTxt'"
else
    echo $MysqlConfigTxt" File Exist"
fi

ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "mysql --defaults-file=$MysqlConfigTxt -u $db_username_mysql $db_name_mysql < $UploadDestinationOnServer/$ZipName/$filename_mysql"

# Restore Postgres Database For Hubs
db_name_postgres="ret_prod_akvirtual"
db_username_postgres="postgres"
db_password_postgres="postgres"
filename_postgres="db_postgres_"$ServerName".sql"

ssh -i $RSAPrivateKey $Username@$ServerIP "PGPASSWORD=$db_password_postgres pg_restore -U $db_username_postgres -h localhost -p 5432 -d $db_name_postgres $UploadDestinationOnServer/$ZipName/$filename_postgres"

echo "Restore for $ServerName Done"

Compiling Web Assets (Dist)

If you want compile webpack asset. so you can serve your web as static file you can do it on local or server. but it comes with pros and cons.

Compile on local (Laptop/ PC)

Pros

• Your server will not be disturbed at all.

Cons

• Reupload all dist folder to your server require internet data.

Compile on server

You can automate it with github action runner.

Pros

• Less internet data

Cons

• Your server will be disturbed, i mean compiling asset it will takes CPU and RAM a lot. if your server get full user will be disturbed.

Version Management

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### PHP

This is for selecting default php version

sudo update-alternatives --config php

Node JS

i use nvm

Elixir and erlang

i use asdf

References That May be Useful

1. Server Backup Methods: Five Ways to Keep Your Data Safe