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Pitch.html
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<html><head><meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
<title>Pitch</title></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td bgcolor="#CCCC00"><table border=4 cellpadding=9><tr><td align=middle bgcolor="#000000"><font face="Palatino,Times" size=6 color="#999900"><b>
Pitch
</b></font></table></table>
<p>
One of the <a href="Types_of_objects.html">types of objects</a> in Praat. For tutorial information, see <a href="Intro_4__Pitch_analysis.html">Intro 4. Pitch analysis</a>.</p>
<p>
A Pitch object represents periodicity candidates as a function of time. It does not mind whether this periodicity refers to acoustics, perception, or vocal-cord vibration. It is sampled into a number of <i>frames</i> centred around equally spaced times.</p>
<h3>
Pitch commands</h3>
<p>
Creation:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="Sound__To_Pitch___.html">Sound: To Pitch...</a>: preferred method (autocorrelation).
<li>
<a href="Sound__To_Pitch__ac____.html">Sound: To Pitch (ac)...</a>: autocorrelation method (all parameters).
<li>
<a href="Sound__To_Pitch__cc____.html">Sound: To Pitch (cc)...</a>: cross-correlation method.
</ul>
<p>
Drawing:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="Pitch__Draw___.html">Pitch: Draw...</a>
</ul>
<p>
Viewing and editing:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="PitchEditor.html">PitchEditor</a>
</ul>
<p>
Synthesis:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="Pitch__To_PointProcess.html">Pitch: To PointProcess</a>: create points in voiced intervals.
<li>
<a href="Sound___Pitch__To_PointProcess__cc_.html">Sound & Pitch: To PointProcess (cc)</a>: near locations of high amplitude.
<li>
<a href="Sound___Pitch__To_PointProcess__peaks____.html">Sound & Pitch: To PointProcess (peaks)...</a>: near locations of high amplitude.
</ul>
<p>
Conversion:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="Pitch__To_PitchTier.html">Pitch: To PitchTier</a>: time-stamp voiced intervals.
<li>
<a href="Pitch___PointProcess__To_PitchTier___.html">Pitch & PointProcess: To PitchTier...</a>: interpolate values at specified times.
</ul>
<h3>
Inside a Pitch object</h3>
<p>
With <a href="Inspect.html">Inspect</a>, you will see the following attributes:</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<i>x</i><sub><i>min</sub></i>
<dd>
start time, in seconds.
<dt>
<i>x</i><sub><i>max</sub></i>
<dd>
end time, in seconds.
<dt>
<i>n</i><sub><i>x</sub></i>
<dd>
the number of frames (≥ 1).
<dt>
<i>dx</i>
<dd>
time step = frame length = frame duration, in seconds.
<dt>
<i>x</i><sub>1</sub>
<dd>
the time associated with the first frame, in seconds. This will usually be in the range [<i>xmin</i>, <i>xmax</i>]. The time associated with the last frame (i.e., <i>x</i><sub>1</sub> + (<i>n</i><sub><i>x</sub></i> – 1) <i>dx</i>)) will also usually be in that range.
<dt>
<i>ceiling</i>
<dd>
a frequency above which a candidate is considered voiceless.
<dt>
<i>frame</i><sub><i>i</sub></i>, <i>i</i> = 1 ... <i>n</i><sub><i>x</sub></i>
<dd>
the frames (see below).
</dl>
<h3>
Attributes of a pitch frame</h3>
<p>
Each frame contains the following attributes:</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<i>nCandidates</i>
<dd>
the number of candidates in this frame (at least one: the `unvoiced' candidate).
<dt>
<i>candidate</i><sub><i>j</sub></i>, <i>j</i> = 1 ... <i>nCandidates</i>
<dd>
the information about each candidate (see below).
</dl>
<h3>
Attributes of each candidate</h3>
<p>
Each candidate contains the following attributes:</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<i>frequency</i>
<dd>
the candidate's frequency in Hz (for a voiced candidate), or 0 (for an unvoiced candidate).
<dt>
<i>strength</i>
<dd>
the degree of periodicity of this candidate (between 0 and 1).
</dl>
<h3>
Interpretation</h3>
<p>
The current pitch contour is determined by the path through all first candidates. If the first candidate of a certain frame has a frequency of 0, or a frequency above <i>ceiling</i>, this frame is considered voiceless.</p>
<h3>Links to this page</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="FAQ__Pitch_analysis.html">FAQ: Pitch analysis</a>
<li><a href="Formulas_7__Attributes_of_objects.html">Formulas 7. Attributes of objects</a>
<li><a href="Get_frame_number_from_time___.html">Get frame number from time...</a>
<li><a href="Get_number_of_frames.html">Get number of frames</a>
<li><a href="Get_time_from_frame_number___.html">Get time from frame number...</a>
<li><a href="Get_time_step.html">Get time step</a>
<li><a href="Intro_4_5__The_Pitch_object.html">Intro 4.5. The Pitch object</a>
<li><a href="Pitch__Interpolate.html">Pitch: Interpolate</a>
<li><a href="Pitch__Smooth___.html">Pitch: Smooth...</a>
<li><a href="PitchTier__Get_mean__curve____.html">PitchTier: Get mean (curve)...</a>
<li><a href="PitchTier__Get_standard_deviation__points____.html">PitchTier: Get standard deviation (points)...</a>
<li><a href="PitchTier__To_Pitch___.html">PitchTier: To Pitch...</a>
<li><a href="Play.html">Play</a>
<li><a href="Sound___Pitch__Change_gender___.html">Sound & Pitch: Change gender...</a>
<li><a href="Sound___Pitch__Change_speaker___.html">Sound & Pitch: Change speaker...</a>
<li><a href="Sound___Pitch__To_FormantFilter___.html">Sound & Pitch: To FormantFilter...</a>
<li><a href="Sound__To_Pitch__shs____.html">Sound: To Pitch (shs)...</a>
<li><a href="time_domain.html">time domain</a>
<li><a href="What_s_new_.html">What's new?</a>
</ul>
<hr>
<address>
<p>© ppgb, December 30, 2010</p>
</address>
</body>
</html>