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Create an Arch Linux OTG cluster with Raspberry Pi

The default OS for the Raspberry Pi is Raspbian although others are available such as Ubuntu Mate, Risc OS and Arch Linux ARM (ALARM).

This guide sets out to create an OTG USB network cluster with Arch Linux on ARM.

On each Pi Zero

  • Set up cmdline.txt on Pi 1
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait rootwait modules-load=dwc2,g_ether g_ether.host_addr=00:22:82:ff:ff:01 g_ether.dev_addr=00:22:82:ff:ff:11 console=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 selinux=0 plymouth.enable=0 smsc95xx.turbo_mode=N dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 elevator=noop

I've chosen to change the g_ether.host_addr and g_etehr.dev_addr by incrementing the value by 1. These are hexidecimal values.

  • Set up config.txt
dtoverlay=dwc2
gpu_mem=16

We can turn down GPU memory because we do not need an XServer or console.

  • Set up a static IP address with systemd

Create file: /etc/systemd/network/usb0.network

[Match]
Name=usb0

[Network]
Address=10.0.11.2/24

On each additional Pi change the network like:

Address=10.0.11.2/24

Address=10.0.12.2/24

Address=10.0.13.2/24

Address=10.0.14.2/24
  • Set the time (roughly)
$ date -s "08/13/2016 6:04pm"
Sat Aug 13 18:04:00 UTC 2016

In its initial state the device may not have connectivity and will have an incorrect date. This can be resolved once connectivity is enabled below.

  • Enable routing between Pi Zeros

On Pi #1

$ ip route add 0/0 via 10.0.11.1 dev usb0

On Pi #2

$ ip route add 0/0 via 10.0.12.1 dev usb0

On Pi #3

$ ip route add 0/0 via 10.0.13.1 dev usb0
  • Optional

Install core packages such as screen and sudo.

$ pacman -Syu screen sudo

On the Pi Host

  • Set up UDEV rules

Edit /etc/udev/rules.d/90-pi-network.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:22:82:ff:ff:01", NAME="ethpi1"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:22:82:ff:ff:02", NAME="ethpi2"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:22:82:ff:ff:03", NAME="ethpi3"
  • Set static IP addresses for the new adapters

Under /etc/systemd/network/ create a new file for each adapter:

ethpi1.network

[Match]
Name=ethpi1

[Network]
Address=10.0.11.1/24

ethpi2.network

[Match]
Name=ethpi2

[Network]
Address=10.0.12.1/24
  • Internet Connection Sharing
[alarm@manager ~]$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING ! -d 10.0.11.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
[alarm@manager ~]$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING ! -d 10.0.11.0/24 -o ethpi1 -j MASQUERADE

Checking the config

ifconfig will show the two new network adapters with their IP addresses.

ethpi1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.11.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.11.255
        inet6 fe80::222:82ff:feff:ff01  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:22:82:ff:ff:01  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 43620  bytes 2924608 (2.7 MiB)
        RX errors 1  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 181142  bytes 260684609 (248.6 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ethpi2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.12.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.12.255
        inet6 fe80::222:82ff:feff:ff02  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:22:82:ff:ff:02  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 25  bytes 1922 (1.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 32  bytes 3988 (3.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Test connectivity

  • Check reachability first with ping, then with ssh.
ping -c 3 10.0.11.2
ping -c 3 10.0.12.2

You should have 0% packet loss.

  • Check SSH
[alarm@manager]$ ssh 10.0.11.2
alarm@10.0.11.2's password:

Welcome to Arch Linux ARM

     Website: http://archlinuxarm.org
       Forum: http://archlinuxarm.org/forum
         IRC: #archlinux-arm on irc.Freenode.net
Last login: Fri Aug 12 09:11:37 2016 from 10.0.11.1
[alarm@worker1 ~]$

[alarm@manager]$ ssh 10.0.12.2
alarm@10.0.12.2's password:
Welcome to Arch Linux ARM

     Website: http://archlinuxarm.org
       Forum: http://archlinuxarm.org/forum
         IRC: #archlinux-arm on irc.Freenode.net
Last login: Sat Jun 25 19:06:34 2016 from 10.0.12.1
[alarm@worker2 ~]$