node-schema-object

Designed to enforce schema on Javascript objects. Allows you to specify type, transformation and validation of values via a set of attributes. Support for sub-schemas included.

npm install node-schema-object
npm test

NodeJS >= 0.11 supported. For all features, run node with the harmony proxies --harmony_proxies and harmony collections --harmony flags.

Built using Babel ES6 and will release limited support for browsers soon.

Very basic usage example

var SchemaObject = require('node-schema-object');

// Create User schema
var User = new SchemaObject({
  firstName: String,
  lastName: String,
  birthDate: Date
});

// Initialize instance of user
var user = new User({firstName: 'Scott', lastName: 'Hovestadt', birthDate: 'June 21, 1988'});
console.log(user.toObject());

// Prints:
{ firstName: 'Scott',
  lastName: 'Hovestadt',
  birthDate: Tue Jun 21 1988 00:00:00 GMT-0700 (PDT) }

Advanced example

var SchemaObject = require('node-schema-object');

// Create custom basic type
// Type can be extended with more properties when defined
var NotEmptyString = {type: String, minLength: 1};

// Create sub-schema for user's Company
var Company = new SchemaObject({
  startDate: Date,
  endDate: Date,
  name: NotEmptyString
});

// Create User schema
var User = new SchemaObject({
  // Basic user information using custom type
  firstName: NotEmptyString,
  lastName: NotEmptyString,
  
  // "NotEmptyString" with only possible values as 'm' or 'f'
  gender: {type: NotEmptyString, enum: ['m', 'f']},
  
  // Index with sub-schema
  company: Company,
  
  // An array of Objects with an enforced type
  workHistory: [Company],
  
  // Create field which reflects other values but can't be directly modified
  fullName: {type: String, readOnly: true, default: function() {
    return (this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName).trim();
  }}
});

// Initialize a new instance of the User with a value
var user = new User({firstName: 'Scott', lastName: 'Hovestadt', gender: 'm'});

// Set company name
user.company.name = 'My Company';

// The date is automatically typecast from String
user.company.startDate = 'June 1, 2010';

// Add company to work history
user.workHistory.push({
  name: 'Old Company',
  startDate: '01/12/2005',
  endDate: '01/20/2010'
});

console.log(user.toObject());

// Prints:
{ firstName: 'Scott',
  lastName: 'Hovestadt',
  gender: 'm',
  company: 
   { startDate: Tue Jun 01 2010 00:00:00 GMT-0700 (PDT),
     endDate: undefined,
     name: 'My Company' },
  workHistory: 
   [ { startDate: Wed Jan 12 2005 00:00:00 GMT-0800 (PST),
       endDate: Wed Jan 20 2010 00:00:00 GMT-0800 (PST),
       name: 'Old Company' } ],
  fullName: 'Scott Hovestadt' }

Methods

toObject

toObject returns a primitive object, stripped of all magic. All values will be typecasted and transformed, but future writes to the primitive object will not. The invisible attribute can be used to ensure an index stored on the SchemaObject will not be written to the primitive object. toObject is automatically called if a SchemaObject is passed to JSON.stringify.

var User = new SchemaObject({
  firstName: String,
  lastName: String,
  birthDate: Date
});

var user = new User({firstName: 'Scott', lastName: 'Hovestadt', birthDate: 'June 21, 1988'});
console.log(user.toObject());

// Prints:
{ firstName: 'Scott',
  lastName: 'Hovestadt',
  birthDate: Tue Jun 21 1988 00:00:00 GMT-0700 (PDT) }

clear

clear removes all values.

var User = new SchemaObject({
  firstName: String,
  lastName: String
});

var user = new User({firstName: 'Scott', lastName: 'Hovestadt'});
console.log(user.toObject());

// Prints:
{ firstName: 'Scott',
  lastName: 'Hovestadt' }

user.clear();
console.log(user.toObject());

// Prints:
{ firstName: undefined,
  lastName: undefined }

isErrors / getErrors / clearErrors

See documentation on Errors.

Options

When you create the SchemaObject, you may pass a set of options as a second argument. These options allow you to fine-tune the behavior of your objects for specific needs.

constructors

The constructors option allows you to attach new constructors to your SchemaObject-created class.

var Person = new SchemaObject({
  firstName: String,
  lastName: String
}, {
  constructors: {
    fromFullName: function(fullName) {
      fullName = fullName.split(' ');
      this.firstName = fullName[0];
      this.lastName = fullName[1];
    }
  }
});

var person = Person.fromFullName('Scott Hovestadt');

// Prints:
{ firstName: 'Scott',
  lastName: 'Hovestadt' }

methods

The methods option allows you to attach new methods to your SchemaObject-created class.

var Person = new SchemaObject({
  firstName: String,
  lastName: String
}, {
  methods: {
    getFullName: function() {
      return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName;
    }
  }
});

var person = new Person({ firstName: 'Scott', lastName: 'Hovestadt' });
console.log(person.getFullName());

// Prints:
{ 'Scott Hovestadt' }

toObject(object)

toObject allows you to transform the model before the result of toObject() is passed back.

This example shows how it could be used to ensure transform all strings to uppercase.

var Model = new SchemaObject({
  string: String
}, {
  toObject: function(object) {
    _.each(object, function(value, key) {
      if(_.isString(value)) {
        object[key] = value.toUpperCase();
      }
    });
    return object;
  }
});

var model = new Model();
model.string = 'a string';
console.log(model.string);

// Prints:
{ 'a string' }

var simpleObject = model.toObject();
console.log(simpleObject.string);

// Prints:
{ 'A STRING' }

setUndefined

setUndefined (default: false) allows you to specify if an unset value is written when toObject() is called. By default, the behavior is not to write unset values. This means if there is a null/undefined primitive, an empty array, or an empty object it will not be written to the object when toObject() is called.

This value should set to true if:

• You want your database (Mongo, etc) to write unset indexes and overwrite existing fields with empty values.
• You want to write undefined values when exporting to JSON explicitly.
• You want toObject() to contain empty arrays and objects.

strict

strict (default: true) allows you to specify what happens when an index is set on your SchemaObject that does not exist in the schema. If strict mode is on, the index will be ignored. If strict mode is off, the index will automatically be created in the schema when it's set with type "any".

With strict mode on (default):

var Profile = new SchemaObject({
  id: String
}, {
  strict: true
});

var profile = new Profile();
profile.id = 'abc123';
profile.customField = 'hello';

// Prints:
{ id: 'abc123' }

With strict mode off:

var Profile = new SchemaObject({
  id: String
}, {
  strict: false
});

var profile = new Profile();
profile.id = 'abc123';
profile.customField = 'hello';

// Prints:
{ id: 'abc123', customField: 'hello' }

dotNotation

dotNotation (default: false) allows you to access deep fields in child objects using dot notation. If dot notation is on, getting or setting "profile.name" will look inside the object for a child object "profile" and then for key "name", instead of simply setting the index "profile.name" on the parent object.

The following example turns off strict mode to demonstrate the differences when toggling dot notation on or off, although dot notation can be used with or without strict mode.

With dot notation off (default):

var User = new SchemaObject({
}, {
  dotNotation: false,
  strict: false
});

var user = new User();
user['profile.name'] = 'Scott';

// Prints:
{ 'profile.name': 'Scott' }

With dot notation on:

var User = new SchemaObject({
}, {
  dotNotation: true,
  strict: false
});

var user = new User();
user['profile.name'] = 'Scott';

// Prints:
{ profile: { name: 'Scott' } }

onBeforeValueSet(value, key) / onValueSet(value, key)

onBeforeValueSet / onValueSet allow you to bind an event handler to all write operations on an object. Currently, it will only notify of write operations on the object itself and will not notify you when child objects are written to. If you return false or throw an error within the onBeforeValueSet handler, the write operation will be cancelled. Throwing an error will add the error to the error stack.

var User = new SchemaObject({
  name: String
}, {
  onBeforeValueSet: function(value, key) {
    if(key === 'name' && value === 'Scott') {
      return false;
    }
  }
});

var user = new User();

user.name = 'Scott';
// Prints:
{ name: undefined }

user.name = 'Scott Hovestadt';
// Prints:
{ name: 'Scott Hovestadt' }

Errors

When setting a value fails, an error is generated silently. Errors can be retrieved with getErrors() and cleared with clearErrors().

var Profile = new SchemaObject({
  id: {type: String, minLength: 5}
});

var profile = new Profile();
profile.id = '1234';

console.log(profile.isErrors());

// Prints:
true

console.log(profile.getErrors());

// Prints:
[ { errorMessage: 'String length too short to meet minLength requirement.',
    setValue: '1234',
    originalValue: undefined,
    fieldSchema: { name: 'id', type: 'string', minLength: 5 } } ]

// Clear all errors.
profile.clearErrors();

Types

Supported types:

• String
• Number
• Boolean
• Date
• Array (including types within Array)
• Object (including typed SchemaObjects for sub-schemas)
• 'alias'
• 'any'

When a type is specified, it will be enforced. Typecasting is enforced on all types except 'any'. If a value cannot be typecasted to the correct type, the original value will remain untouched.

Types can be extended with a variety of attributes. Some attributes are type-specific and some apply to all types.

Custom types can be created by defining an object with type properties.

var NotEmptyString = {type: String, minLength: 1};
country: {type: NotEmptyString, default: 'USA'}

General attributes

transform

Called immediately when value is set and before any typecast is done.

name: {type: String, transform: function(value) {
  // Modify the value here...
  return value;
}}

default

Provide default value. You may pass value directly or pass a function which will be executed when the value is retrieved. The function is executed in the context of the object and can use "this" to access other properties.

country: {type: String, default: 'USA'}

readOnly

If true, the value can be read but cannot be written to. This can be useful for creating fields that reflect other values.

fullName: {type: String, readOnly: true, default: function(value) {
  return (this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName).trim();
}}

invisible

If true, the value can be written to but isn't outputted as an index when toObject() is called. This can be useful for creating aliases that redirect to other indexes but aren't actually present on the object.

zip: String,
postalCode: {type: 'alias', invisible: true, index: 'zip'}
// this.postalCode = 12345 -> this.toObject() -> {zip: '12345'}

String

stringTransform

Called after value is typecast to string if value was successfully typecast but called before all validation.

postalCode: {type: String, stringTransform: function(string) {
  // Type will ALWAYS be String, so using string prototype is OK.
  return string.toUpperCase();
}}

regex

Validates string against Regular Expression. If string doesn't match, it's rejected.

memberCode: {type: String, regex: new RegExp('^([0-9A-Z]{4})$')}

enum

Validates string against array of strings. If not present, it's rejected.

gender: {type: String, enum: ['m', 'f']}

minLength

Enforces minimum string length.

notEmpty: {type: String, minLength: 1}

maxLength

Enforces maximum string length.

stateAbbrev: {type: String, maxLength: 2}

clip

If true, clips string to maximum string length instead of rejecting string.

bio: {type: String, maxLength: 255, clip: true}

Number

min

Number must be > min attribute or it's rejected.

positive: {type: Number, min: 0}

max

Number must be < max attribute or it's rejected.

negative: {type: Number, max: 0}

Array

unique

Ensures duplicate-free array, using === to test object equality.

emails: {type: Array, unique: true, arrayType: String}

arrayType

Elements within the array will be typed to the attributes defined.

aliases: {type: Array, arrayType: {type: String, minLength: 1}}

An alternative shorthand version is also available -- wrap the properties within array brackets.

aliases: [{type: String, minLength: 1}]

Object

objectType

Allows you to define a typed object.

company: {type: Object, objectType: {
  name: String
}}

An alternative shorthand version is also available -- simply pass an instance of SchemaObject or a schema.

company: {
  name: String
}

Alias

index (required)

The index key of the property being aliased.

zip: String,
postalCode: {type: 'alias', alias: 'zip'}
// this.postalCode = 12345 -> this.toObject() -> {zip: '12345'}