A proposal for negatives with quantifiers

[ArchnaBhatia]

1. No one is sleeping. [negative has scope over "one".]

(s / sleep
      :ARG0 (o / one :polarity -))

1. Someone is not sleeping. [negative as scope over "sleep" if "there exists someone who is not sleeping" with focus/emphasis on "not".]

(s / sleep :polarity -
      :ARG0 (s2 / someone))

1. Someone is not sleeping. [negative as scope over "someone" if "there exists someone who is not sleeping" with focus/emphasis on "someone".]

(s / sleep
      :ARG0 (s2 / someone :polarity -))

1. Everyone is not sleeping. [meaning: "some are sleeping, some are not.", i.e. emphasis on "not"; "not" has scope over the verb "sleep"]

(s / sleep :polarity -
      :ARG0 (a / all))

1. Everyone is not sleeping. [meaning: "no one is sleeping.", i.e. emphasis on "everyone", "not" has scope over the quantifier "everyone"]

(s / sleep
      :ARG0 (a / all :polarity -))

1. He sometimes does not sleep. [negative has scope over the verb "sleep"]

(s / sleep :polarity -
      :ARG0 (h / he)
      :frequency (s2 / sometimes))

1. He never sleeps. [negative has scope over the verb "sleep"]

(s / sleep :polarity -
      :ARG0 (h / he)
      :time (e / ever))

1. I like nobody. [negative scopes over "one".]

(l / like
      :ARG0 "I"
      :ARG1 (o / one :polarity -))

1. I don't like anybody. [negative scopes over "one"/"anybody", that is why same AMR as above.]

(l / like
      :ARG0 "I"
      :ARG1 (o / one :polarity -))

1. I don't like somebody. [Like in the 5 and 6 cases above, negative scopes over the verb "like".]

(l / like :polarity -
      :ARG0 "I"
      :ARG1 (o / one))

1. I don't like everybody. [meaning: "some I like, some I don't."; negatives scopes over the verb "like"]

(l / like :polarity -
      :ARG0 "I"
      :ARG1 (a / all))

1. I don't like everybody. [when this meaning is possible: "no one who I like"; negative scopes over the quantifier "everyone"]

(l / like
      :ARG0 "I"
      :ARG1 (a / all :polarity -))

[kevincrawfordknight]

Since these sentences are all easily represented in first-order logic (with universal quantifier), and since first-order logic supports inference nicely, we should aim for an AMR 1.5 that includes universal quantification.

We should also include all the (very frequent!) quantifiers that do not appear in first-order logic, such as "most", "some", "few", etc.