Speed up cataloging by replacing globs searching with index lookups

[wagoodman]

Leverages anchore/stereoscope#154 to improve cataloging speeds. Searching by full path globs is used everywhere, however, in images that have a large number of files this kind of operation is very intensive. This PR introduces new searching objects that leverage basename indexes in stereoscope in order to vastly improve the initial lookup against the index and then additionally prune potential results with additional requirements.

Today's behavior:

time go run ./cmd/syft ~/images/virt-manager.tar -vvv  
# ...
real	4m34.067s
user	5m49.291s
sys	0m6.189s

With the new indexes being leveraged:

time go run ./cmd/syft ~/images/virt-manager.tar -vvv
# ...
real	38.155s
user	43.73s
sys	12.88s

Specific changes:

• Adds several tests around all source.FileResover implementations to show that they behave very similarly (this PR addresses several inconsistencies)
• The indexing done in the source.directoryResolver has been split out into another object entirely: source.directoryIndexer
• Refactors the source.directoryResolver to use the new stereoscope filetree.Index and filetree.Searcher to best leverage the new performance related enhancements from Add additional catalog indexes for performance stereoscope#154
• Fixes the directory resolve to not visit the same file twice during indexing (once from the real path and another from one or more virtual paths).
• Adds a new form of testing around the catalogers: glob match testing. This is done within each package where a cataloger is implemented and ensures that the cataloger is wired appropriately to select all possible files that can be fetched from the cataloger via globs without testing specific parsing logic.
• Replaces the source.FileMetadata object with the stereoscope file.Metadata object instead.
• Replaces the source.FileType object with the stereoscope file.Type object instead.

Closes #1328
Closes #1480

[github-actions]

Benchmark Test Results

Benchmark results from the latest changes vs base branch

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/anchore/syft/test/integration
cpu: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8370C CPU @ 2.80GHz
                                                          │ ./.tmp/benchmark-ba8be9b.txt │
                                                          │            sec/op            │
ImagePackageCatalogers/alpmdb-cataloger-2                                   12.03m ± 29%
ImagePackageCatalogers/ruby-gemspec-cataloger-2                             855.6µ ±  2%
ImagePackageCatalogers/python-package-cataloger-2                           2.152m ±  8%
ImagePackageCatalogers/php-composer-installed-cataloger-2                   669.7µ ±  2%
ImagePackageCatalogers/javascript-package-cataloger-2                       346.6µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dpkgdb-cataloger-2                                   480.9µ ±  2%
ImagePackageCatalogers/rpm-db-cataloger-2                                   446.2µ ±  2%
ImagePackageCatalogers/java-cataloger-2                                     10.90m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/graalvm-native-image-cataloger-2                     7.963µ ±  2%
ImagePackageCatalogers/apkdb-cataloger-2                                    466.2µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/go-module-binary-cataloger-2                         18.00µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dotnet-deps-cataloger-2                              945.6µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/portage-cataloger-2                                  288.4µ ±  2%
ImagePackageCatalogers/sbom-cataloger-2                                     103.9µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/binary-cataloger-2                                   139.5µ ±  0%
geomean                                                                     430.0µ

                                                          │ ./.tmp/benchmark-ba8be9b.txt │
                                                          │             B/op             │
ImagePackageCatalogers/alpmdb-cataloger-2                                   5.060Mi ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/ruby-gemspec-cataloger-2                             141.9Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/python-package-cataloger-2                           767.5Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/php-composer-installed-cataloger-2                   155.9Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/javascript-package-cataloger-2                       95.83Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dpkgdb-cataloger-2                                   144.7Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/rpm-db-cataloger-2                                   170.8Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/java-cataloger-2                                     2.723Mi ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/graalvm-native-image-cataloger-2                     1.523Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/apkdb-cataloger-2                                    122.2Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/go-module-binary-cataloger-2                         3.102Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dotnet-deps-cataloger-2                              314.3Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/portage-cataloger-2                                  75.51Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/sbom-cataloger-2                                     13.06Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/binary-cataloger-2                                   20.55Ki ± 0%
geomean                                                                     105.2Ki

                                                          │ ./.tmp/benchmark-ba8be9b.txt │
                                                          │          allocs/op           │
ImagePackageCatalogers/alpmdb-cataloger-2                                    86.71k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/ruby-gemspec-cataloger-2                              2.159k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/python-package-cataloger-2                            10.35k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/php-composer-installed-cataloger-2                    3.458k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/javascript-package-cataloger-2                        1.253k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dpkgdb-cataloger-2                                    2.646k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/rpm-db-cataloger-2                                    3.759k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/java-cataloger-2                                      38.26k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/graalvm-native-image-cataloger-2                       40.00 ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/apkdb-cataloger-2                                     3.234k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/go-module-binary-cataloger-2                           101.0 ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dotnet-deps-cataloger-2                               5.011k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/portage-cataloger-2                                   1.487k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/sbom-cataloger-2                                       392.0 ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/binary-cataloger-2                                     609.0 ± 0%
geomean                                                                      2.112k

[spiffcs]

Small comments about if values could be nil and cause a panic. I'm going to take another look at the resolver in a second pass since those had the most changes.