Add relationships for dpkg packages

[wagoodman]

This adds package relationships for debian packages. Specifically the Depends, Pre-Depends, and Provides dpkg status fields are supported, crafting relationships only for installed packages (which for these fields tends to be the case).

This PR does not add dependencies for build-related dependencies (e.g. the Build-Depends, Build-Depends-Indep, Build-Depends-Arch, Build-Conflicts, Build-Conflicts-Indep, and Build-Conflicts-Arch fields) or non-required but related relationships (e.g. the Recommends, Suggests, Breaks, Conflicts, Replaces, and Enhances fields).

Partially addresses #572
Closes #2040

[wagoodman]

Here's the json schema difference to help reviewers:

# diff schema/json/schema-11.0.0.json schema/json/schema-11.0.1.json 

<   "$id": "anchore.io/schema/syft/json/11.0.0/document",
---
>   "$id": "anchore.io/schema/syft/json/11.0.1/document",
539a540,551
>         },
>         "provides": {
>           "items": {
>             "type": "string"
>           },
>           "type": "array"
>         },
>         "depends": {
>           "items": {
>             "type": "string"
>           },
>           "type": "array"
540a553,558
>         "preDepends": {
>           "items": {
>             "type": "string"
>           },
>           "type": "array"
>         },