feat: add support for TypeScript 3.3 (and drop older versions)

[filipesilva]

Followup to #28497

---

https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/typescript/2019/01/31/announcing-typescript-3-3/

BREAKING CHANGE: TypeScript 3.1 and 3.2 are no longer supported.

Please update your TypeScript version to 3.3

[googlebot]

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[mary-poppins]

You can preview 648ff39 at https://pr29004-648ff39.ngbuilds.io/.

[mary-poppins]

You can preview 5c12187 at https://pr29004-5c12187.ngbuilds.io/.

[mary-poppins]

You can preview cb0b608 at https://pr29004-cb0b608.ngbuilds.io/.

[mary-poppins]

You can preview 4716214 at https://pr29004-4716214.ngbuilds.io/.

[googlebot]

A Googler has manually verified that the CLAs look good.

(Googler, please make sure the reason for overriding the CLA status is clearly documented in these comments.)

ℹ️ Googlers: Go here for more info.

[alexeagle]

presubmit

[alexeagle]

fails in g3, I assume it's blocked on updating to TS 3.3.3333 in g3 as well

third_party/javascript/angular2/rc/packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/program.ts:126:7 - error TS2322: Type 'GeneratedShimsHostWrapper' is not assignable to type 'CompilerHost'.
  Property 'getDirectories' is optional in type 'GeneratedShimsHostWrapper' but required in type 'CompilerHost'.

126       this.host = new GeneratedShimsHostWrapper(host, generators);
          ~~~~~~~~~

[googlebot]

So there's good news and bad news.

👍 The good news is that everyone that needs to sign a CLA (the pull request submitter and all commit authors) have done so. Everything is all good there.

😕 The bad news is that it appears that one or more commits were authored or co-authored by someone other than the pull request submitter. We need to confirm that all authors are ok with their commits being contributed to this project. Please have them confirm that here in the pull request.

Note to project maintainer: This is a terminal state, meaning the cla/google commit status will not change from this state. It's up to you to confirm consent of all the commit author(s), set the cla label to yes (if enabled on your project), and then merge this pull request when appropriate.

ℹ️ Googlers: Go here for more info.

[mary-poppins]

You can preview 3b64394 at https://pr29004-3b64394.ngbuilds.io/.

[googlebot]

A Googler has manually verified that the CLAs look good.

(Googler, please make sure the reason for overriding the CLA status is clearly documented in these comments.)

ℹ️ Googlers: Go here for more info.

[IgorMinar]

Thank you for taking care of this!

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