docs: add a page with the Angular roadmap

[mgechev]

PR Checklist

Please check if your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• The commit message follows our guidelines: https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#commit
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)

PR Type

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, local variables)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• Build related changes
• CI related changes
• Documentation content changes
• angular.io application / infrastructure changes
• Other... Please describe:

What is the current behavior?

Issue Number: N/A

What is the new behavior?

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Other information

[AndrewKushnir]

Note: this is just a cherry-pick of the changes that went to the patch branch in PR #38356, so no additional reviews/approvals are needed.

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