fix(zone.js): should continue to executue listeners when throw error

[JiaLiPassion]

Close #41522

zone.js patches event listeners and run all event listeners together, if
one event handler throws error, the listeners afterward may not be invoked.

Reproduction:

export class AppComponent implements AfterViewInit {
  @ViewChild('btn') btn: ElementRef;
  title = 'event-error';

  constructor(private ngZone: NgZone) {}

  ngAfterViewInit() {
    this.ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
      this.btn.nativeElement.addEventListener('click', () => {
        throw new Error('test1');
      });
      this.btn.nativeElement.addEventListener('click', () => {
        console.log('add eventlistener click');
      });
    });
  }
}

Until now no Angular users report this issue becuase in the ngZone, all
error will be caught and will not rethrow, so the event listeners afterward
will still continue to execute, but if the event handlers are outside of ngZone,
the error will break the execution.

This commit catch all errors, and after all event listeners finished invocation,
rethrow the errors in seperate microTasks, the reason I am using microTask here
is to handle multiple errors case.

[petebacondarwin]

Reviewed-for: size-tracking

[petebacondarwin]

Great - and this avoids the need for size-tracking approval!

[AndrewKushnir]

FYI I've started a presubmit, but it looks like we'd need to run a global one tonight as well, since this is a change in behavior as well and might potentially affect apps that rely on the current behavior. Depending on the presubmit results, we may need to consider landing this change in major/minor only (avoid patch).

Update: started global presubmit as well (link).

[AndrewKushnir]

@JiaLiPassion FYI presubmits (including a global one) went well.

@mhevery could you please have a look at the changes when you get a chance?

[AndrewKushnir]

Global Presubmit #4.

[angular-automatic-lock-bot]

This issue has been automatically locked due to inactivity.
Please file a new issue if you are encountering a similar or related problem.

Read more about our automatic conversation locking policy.

_{This action has been performed automatically by a bot.}