fear(core): Custom Runtime-Error for Template-Execution

[angelaki]

PR Checklist

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• The commit message follows our guidelines: https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#commit
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)

PR Type

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, local variables)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• Build related changes
• CI related changes
• Documentation content changes
• angular.io application / infrastructure changes
• Other... Please describe:

What is the current behavior?

Right now, template errors can not be told appart from different errors. This can cause infinite loops on the client, if the error gets handled over and over again with a visual element, triggering the template again (in my case a popup dialog).

Issue Number: #53932

What is the new behavior?

Exceptions on executeTemplate throw a custom RuntimeError

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No