Add zoneless scheduler to Angular by default

[atscott]

fix(core): Angular should not ignore changes that happen outside the zone

When Angular receives a clear indication that change detection should
run again, this should not be ignored, regardless of what Zone it
happened in. This change updates the default change detection scheduling
approach of Zone-based applications to ensure a change detection will
run when these events happen outside the Angular zone (which includes,
for example, updating a signal that's read in a template, setting an
input of a ComponentRef, attaching a view marked for check, calling
ChangeDetectorRef.markForCheck, etc.).

This does not apply to applications using NoopNgZone or those which
have a custom NgZone implementation without ZoneJS.

The impact of this change will most often be seen in existing unit tests. Tests
execute outside the Angular Zone and this can mean that state in the
test is not fully recognized by Angular. Now that Angular will ensure
change detection does run, even when the state update originates from
outside the zone, tests may observe additional rounds of change
detection compared to the previous behavior. Often, this should be seen
as more correct and the test should be updated, but in cases where it is
too much effort to debug, the test can revert to the old behavior by adding
provideZoneChangeDetection({schedulingMode: NgZoneSchedulingMode.NgZoneOnly})
to the TestBed providers.

fixes #55238
fixes #53844
fixes #53841
fixes #52610
fixes #53566
fixes #52940
fixes #51970
fixes #51768
fixes #50702
fixes #50259
fixes #50266
fixes #50160
fixes #49940
fixes #49398
fixes #48890
fixes #48608
fixes #45105
fixes #42241
fixes #41553
fixes #37223
fixes #37062
fixes #35579
fixes #31695
fixes #24728
fixes #23697
fixes #19814
fixes #13957
fixes #11565
fixes #15770
fixes #15946
fixes #18254
fixes #19731
fixes #20112
fixes #22472
fixes #23697
fixes #24727
fixes #47236

BREAKING CHANGE:

Angular will ensure change detection runs, even when the state update originates from
outside the zone, tests may observe additional rounds of change
detection compared to the previous behavior.

This change will be more likely to impact existing unit tests.
This should usually be seen as more correct and the test should be updated,
but in cases where it is too much effort to debug, the test can revert to the old behavior by adding
provideZoneChangeDetection({schedulingMode: NgZoneSchedulingMode.NgZoneOnly})
to the TestBed providers.

Similarly, applications which may want to update state outside the zone
and not trigger change detection can add
provideZoneChangeDetection({schedulingMode: NgZoneSchedulingMode.NgZoneOnly})
to the providers in bootstrapApplication or add
schedulingMode: NgZoneSchedulingMode.NgZoneOnly to the
BootstrapOptions of bootstrapModule.

[atscott]

caretaker note: presubmit is using this patch, which will need to be submitted once this PR is merged.

[alxhub]

This PR was merged into the repository by commit de7447d.

[Platonn]

At the first sight I was very confused with the description of this PR - I understood that this PR would be a huuuuge breaking change denying the sense of runOutsideAngular()! I understood that since ng18 the change detection would be triggered after every event/API patched by Zone.js (i.e. setTImeout, mouse move, etc), even if this event/API happened in my code that I deliberately run in the runOutsideAngular() - to avoid change detection.

Fortunately, I'm calmed down now... 😌 after I came across @JeanMeche's great article https://riegler.fr/blog/2024-04-17-zoneless-with-zoneless-hybrid where he explains why I my understanding of this PR was wrong.