feat(input): add <md-input-container> parent for inputs/textareas, de…

…precate md-text-float

Closes #993. Closes #372. Closes #476. Closes #523. Closes #543. Closes #547.
Closes #553. Closes #562. Closes #575. Closes #605. Closes #606. Closes #612.
Closes #654. Closes #687. Closes #744. Closes #839. Closes #847. Closes #931.
Closes #993.

md-textfloat has been deprecated due to flaws
(explanation in [#547](#547)).

Now, to create an input you use the native `<input>` and `<textarea>`
elements, with a `<md-input-container>` parent around each
`<input>` or `<textarea>`.

Change your code from this:

```html
<md-textfloat label="First Name" ng-model="firstName"></md-textfloat>
```

To this:

```html
<md-input-container>
  <label>First Name</label>
  <input ng-model="firstName">
</md-input-container>
````

src/components/input/demoBasicUsage/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<div ng-app="inputBasicDemo" ng-controller="DemoCtrl" layout="column">
+
+  <md-content md-theme="docs-dark" class="md-padding" layout="row" layout-sm="column">
+    <md-input-container>
+      <label>Title</label>
+      <input ng-model="user.title">
+    </md-input-container>
+    <md-input-container>
+      <label>Email</label>
+      <input ng-model="user.email" type="email">
+    </md-input-container>
+  </md-content>
+
+  <md-content class="md-padding">
+
+    <md-input-container flex>
+      <label>Company (Disabled)</label>
+      <input ng-model="user.company" disabled>
+    </md-input-container>
+
+    <div layout layout-padding layout-sm="column">
+      <md-input-container flex>
+        <label>First Name</label>
+        <input ng-model="user.firstName">
+      </md-input-container>
+      <md-input-container flex>
+        <label>Last Name</label>
+        <input ng-model="user.lastName">
+      </md-input-container>
+    </div>
+
+    <md-input-container flex>
+      <label>Address</label>
+      <input ng-model="user.address">
+    </md-input-container>
+
+    <div layout layout-padding layout-sm="column">
+      <md-input-container flex>
+        <label>City</label>
+        <input ng-model="user.city">
+      </md-input-container>
+      <md-input-container flex>
+        <label>State</label>
+        <input ng-model="user.state">
+      </md-input-container>
+      <md-input-container flex>
+        <label>Postal Code</label>
+        <input ng-model="user.postalCode">
+      </md-input-container>
+    </div>
+
+    <md-input-container flex>
+      <label>Country</label>
+      <input ng-model="user.country">
+    </md-input-container>
+
+  </md-content>
+</div>

src/components/input/demoBasicUsage/script.js

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+angular.module('inputBasicDemo', ['ngMaterial'])
+
+.controller('DemoCtrl', function($scope) {
+  $scope.user = {
+    title: 'Developer',
+    email: 'ipsum@lorem.com',
+    firstName: '',
+    lastName: '' ,
+    company: 'Google' ,
+    address: '1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy' ,
+    city: 'Mountain View' ,
+    state: 'CA' ,
+    country: 'USA' ,
+    postalCode : '94043'
+  };
+});

src/components/input/input-theme.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+md-input-container.md-THEME_NAME-theme {
+  .md-input {
+    @include input-placeholder-color('{{foreground-3}}');
+    color: '{{foreground-1}}';
+    border-color: '{{foreground-4}}';
+    text-shadow: '{{foreground-shadow}}';
+  }
+
+  label {
+    text-shadow: '{{foreground-shadow}}';
+    color: '{{foreground-3}}';
+  }
+
+  &.md-input-focused {
+    .md-input {
+      border-color: '{{primary-500}}';
+    }
+    label {
+      color: '{{primary-500}}';
+    }
+    &.md-accent {
+      .md-input {
+        border-color: '{{accent-500}}';
+      }
+      label {
+        color: '{{accent-500}}';
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  &.md-input-has-value:not(.md-input-focused) {
+    label {
+      color: '{{foreground-2}}';
+    }
+  }
+
+  .md-input[disabled] {
+    border-bottom-color: transparent;
+    color: '{{foreground-3}}';
+    background-image: linear-gradient(to right, '{{foreground-4}}' 0%, '{{foreground-4}}' 33%, transparent 0%);
+  }
+}

src/components/input/input.js

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+(function() {
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name material.components.input
+ */
+
+angular.module('material.components.input', [
+  'material.core'
+])
+  .directive('mdInputContainer', mdInputContainerDirective)
+  .directive('label', labelDirective)
+  .directive('input', inputDirective)
+  .directive('textarea', inputDirective);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name mdInputContainer
+ * @module material.components.input
+ *
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `<md-input-container>` is the parent of any input or textarea element.
+ *
+ * Input and textarea elements will not behave properly unless the md-input-container 
+ * parent is provided.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * <hljs lang="html">
+ *
+ * <md-input-container>
+ *   <label>Username</label>
+ *   <input type="text" ng-model="user.name">
+ * </md-input-container>
+ *
+ * <md-input-container>
+ *   <label>Description</label>
+ *   <textarea ng-model="user.description"></textarea>
+ * </md-input-container>
+ *
+ * </hljs>
+ */
+function mdInputContainerDirective($mdTheming) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    link: postLink,
+    controller: ContainerCtrl
+  };
+
+  function postLink(scope, element, attr) {
+    $mdTheming(element);
+  }
+  function ContainerCtrl($scope, $element, $mdUtil) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    self.setFocused = function(isFocused) {
+      $element.toggleClass('md-input-focused', !!isFocused);
+    };
+    self.setHasValue = function(hasValue) {
+      $element.toggleClass('md-input-has-value', !!hasValue);
+    };
+
+    $scope.$watch(function() {
+      return self.label && self.input;
+    }, function(hasLabelAndInput) {
+      if (hasLabelAndInput && !self.label.attr('for')) {
+        self.label.attr('for', self.input.attr('id'));
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function labelDirective() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '^?mdInputContainer',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, containerCtrl) {
+      if (!containerCtrl) return;
+
+      containerCtrl.label = element;
+      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        containerCtrl.label = null;
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function inputDirective($mdUtil) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['^?mdInputContainer', '?ngModel'],
+    compile: compile,
+  };
+
+  function compile(element) {
+    element.addClass('md-input');
+    return postLink;
+  }
+  function postLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+
+    var containerCtrl = ctrls[0];
+    var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+
+    if ( !containerCtrl ) return;
+
+    if (containerCtrl.input) {
+      throw new Error("<md-input-container> can only have *one* <input> or <textarea> child element!");
+    }
+    if (!element.attr('id')) {
+      element.attr('id', 'input_' + $mdUtil.nextUid());
+    }
+
+    containerCtrl.input = element;
+
+    // When the input value changes, check if it "has" a value, and
+    // set the appropriate class on the input group
+    if (ngModelCtrl) {
+      ngModelCtrl.$formatters.push(checkHasValue);
+      ngModelCtrl.$parsers.push(checkHasValue);
+    } else {
+      element.on('input', function() {
+        containerCtrl.setHasValue( (""+element.val()).length > 0 );
+      });
+      containerCtrl.setHasValue( (""+element.val()).length > 0 );
+    }
+    function checkHasValue(value) {
+      containerCtrl.setHasValue(!ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty(value));
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    element
+      .on('focus', function(e) {
+        containerCtrl.setFocused(true);
+      })
+      .on('blur', function(e) {
+        containerCtrl.setFocused(false);
+      });
+
+    scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      containerCtrl.setFocused(false);
+      containerCtrl.setHasValue(false);
+      containerCtrl.input = null;
+    });
+
+    function isNotEmpty(value) {
+      value = angular.isUndefined(value) ? element.val() : value;
+      return (angular.isDefined(value) && (value!==null) &&
+             (value.toString().trim() !== ""));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+})();

src/components/input/input.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+$input-container-padding: 2px !default;
+
+$input-label-default-offset: 24px !default;
+$input-label-default-scale: 1.0 !default;
+$input-label-float-offset: 4px !default;
+$input-label-float-scale: 0.75 !default;
+
+$input-border-width-default: 1px !default;
+$input-border-width-focused: 2px !default;
+$input-line-height: 26px !default;
+$input-padding-top: 2px !default;
+
+md-input-container {
+  display: flex;
+  position: relative;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  padding: $input-container-padding;
+
+  textarea,
+  input[type="text"],
+  input[type="password"],
+  input[type="datetime"],
+  input[type="datetime-local"],
+  input[type="date"],
+  input[type="month"],
+  input[type="time"],
+  input[type="week"],
+  input[type="number"],
+  input[type="email"],
+  input[type="url"],
+  input[type="search"],
+  input[type="tel"],
+  input[type="color"] {
+    /* remove default appearance from all input/textarea */
+    -moz-appearance: none;
+    -webkit-appearance: none;
+  }
+
+  label {
+    order: 1;
+    pointer-events: none;
+    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+    z-index: 1;
+    transform: translate3d(0, $input-label-default-offset, 0) scale($input-label-default-scale);
+    transform-origin: left top;
+    transition: all $swift-ease-out-timing-function 0.2s;
+  }
+
+  /* 
+   * The .md-input class is added to the input/textarea 
+   */
+  .md-input {
+    flex: 1;
+    order: 2;
+    display: block;
+
+    background: none;
+    padding-top: $input-padding-top;
+    padding-bottom: $input-border-width-focused - $input-border-width-default;
+    border-width: 0 0 $input-border-width-default 0;
+    line-height: $input-line-height;
+
+    &:focus {
+      outline: none;
+    }
+  }
+
+  &.md-input-focused,
+  &.md-input-has-value {
+    label {
+      transform: translate3d(0,$input-label-float-offset,0) scale($input-label-float-scale);
+    }
+  }
+  &.md-input-focused {
+    .md-input {
+      padding-bottom: 0px; // Increase border width by 1px, decrease padding by 1
+      border-width: 0 0 $input-border-width-focused 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  .md-input[disabled] {
+    background-position: 0 bottom;
+    // This background-size is coordinated with a linear-gradient set in input-theme.scss 
+    // to create a dotted line under the input. 
+    background-size: 3px 1px;
+    background-repeat: repeat-x;
+  }
+}