feat(datepicker,calendar): md-date-filter disables months in month mode

[Splaktar]

PR Checklist

Please check that your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• The commit message follows our guidelines
• Tests for the changes have been added or this is not a bug fix / enhancement
• Docs have been added, updated, or were not required

PR Type

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

[ ] Bugfix
[x] Enhancement
[ ] Documentation content changes
[ ] Code style update (formatting, local variables)
[ ] Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
[ ] Build related changes
[ ] CI related changes
[ ] Infrastructure changes
[ ] Other... Please describe:

What is the current behavior?

Using md-date-filter with md-mode="month" results in unexpected results as none of the months are disabled when md-date-filter returns false.

Issue Number:
Closes #11525

What is the new behavior?

md-date-filter is checked and can disable months in month mode if it returns false
added demo
only the first day of the month is checked to disable the month
fix typos in docs
fix JSDoc

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

[ ] Yes
[x] No

Other information