datepicker: Integrate new angular i18n API into NativeDateAdapter

[mmalerba]

Angular core team is working on a new i18n API that should allow us to significantly improve the experience users get with the NativeDateAdapter. We should be able to make it work in browsers that don't support Intl.DateTimeFormat and most importantly we should be able to implement reasonable default parsing behavior for all locales.

[mmalerba]

Currently blocked on new i18n API being available in Angular

[denirun]

@mmalerba you can check my solution here #8100

[StefanKern]

Is this issue still open in 2019? Do we non americans still depend on this dirty [hack], so our manually entered dates are not changed? (#6263 (comment))?

[t00]

Mat looks like still in beta to me, after getting to dates I am not certain whether we should postpone migration.

[mmalerba]

Closing as a dup of #8100

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