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License/Docs: implement 0MQ 22/C4.1 + revise docs.
- Move contents of CONTRIBUTING.md into STYLE.md - Move 0MQ 22/C4.1 into CONTRIBUTING.md - Move appropriate documentation into ./doc - Update/revise links and other items in documentation
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| ## License | ||
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| Copyright (c) 2009-2015 Pieter Hintjens. | ||
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| This Specification is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | ||
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| This Specification is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
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| You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>. | ||
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| ## Language | ||
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| The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. | ||
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| ## Goals | ||
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| C4 is meant to provide a reusable optimal collaboration model for open source software projects. It has these specific goals: | ||
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| - To maximize the scale and diversity of the community around a project, by reducing the friction for new Contributors and creating a scaled participation model with strong positive feedbacks; | ||
| - To relieve dependencies on key individuals by separating different skill sets so that there is a larger pool of competence in any required domain; | ||
| - To allow the project to develop faster and more accurately, by increasing the diversity of the decision making process; | ||
| - To support the natural life cycle of project versions from experimental through to stable, by allowing safe experimentation, rapid failure, and isolation of stable code; | ||
| - To reduce the internal complexity of project repositories, thus making it easier for Contributors to participate and reducing the scope for error; | ||
| - To enforce collective ownership of the project, which increases economic incentive to Contributors and reduces the risk of hijack by hostile entities. | ||
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| ## Design | ||
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| ### Preliminaries | ||
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| - The project SHALL use the git distributed revision control system. | ||
| - The project SHALL be hosted on github.com or equivalent, herein called the "Platform". | ||
| - The project SHALL use the Platform issue tracker. | ||
| - The project SHOULD have clearly documented guidelines for code style. | ||
| - A "Contributor" is a person who wishes to provide a patch, being a set of commits that solve some clearly identified problem. | ||
| - A "Maintainer" is a person who merges patches to the project. Maintainers are not developers; their job is to enforce process. | ||
| - Contributors SHALL NOT have commit access to the repository unless they are also Maintainers. | ||
| - Maintainers SHALL have commit access to the repository. | ||
| - Everyone, without distinction or discrimination, SHALL have an equal right to become a Contributor under the terms of this contract. | ||
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| ### Licensing and Ownership | ||
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| - The project SHALL use a share-alike license, such as the GPLv3 or a variant thereof (LGPL, AGPL), or the MPLv2. | ||
| - All contributions to the project source code ("patches") SHALL use the same license as the project. | ||
| - All patches are owned by their authors. There SHALL NOT be any copyright assignment process. | ||
| - The copyrights in the project SHALL be owned collectively by all its Contributors. | ||
| - Each Contributor SHALL be responsible for identifying themselves in the project Contributor list. | ||
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| ### Patch Requirements | ||
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| - Maintainers and Contributors MUST have a Platform account and SHOULD use their real names or a well-known alias. | ||
| - A patch SHOULD be a minimal and accurate answer to exactly one identified and agreed problem. | ||
| - A patch MUST adhere to the code style guidelines of the project if these are defined. | ||
| - A patch MUST adhere to the "Evolution of Public Contracts" guidelines defined below. | ||
| - A patch SHALL NOT include non-trivial code from other projects unless the Contributor is the original author of that code. | ||
| - A patch MUST compile cleanly and pass project self-tests on at least the principle target platform. | ||
| - A patch commit message SHOULD consist of a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, optionally followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. | ||
| - A "Correct Patch" is one that satisfies the above requirements. | ||
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| ### Development Process | ||
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| - Change on the project SHALL be governed by the pattern of accurately identifying problems and applying minimal, accurate solutions to these problems. | ||
| - To request changes, a user SHOULD log an issue on the project Platform issue tracker. | ||
| - The user or Contributor SHOULD write the issue by describing the problem they face or observe. | ||
| - The user or Contributor SHOULD seek consensus on the accuracy of their observation, and the value of solving the problem. | ||
| - Users SHALL NOT log feature requests, ideas, suggestions, or any solutions to problems that are not explicitly documented and provable. | ||
| - Thus, the release history of the project SHALL be a list of meaningful issues logged and solved. | ||
| - To work on an issue, a Contributor SHALL fork the project repository and then work on their forked repository. | ||
| - To submit a patch, a Contributor SHALL create a Platform pull request back to the project. | ||
| - A Contributor SHALL NOT commit changes directly to the project. | ||
| - If the Platform implements pull requests as issues, a Contributor MAY directly send a pull request without logging a separate issue. | ||
| - To discuss a patch, people MAY comment on the Platform pull request, on the commit, or elsewhere. | ||
| - To accept or reject a patch, a Maintainer SHALL use the Platform interface. | ||
| - Maintainers SHOULD NOT merge their own patches except in exceptional cases, such as non-responsiveness from other Maintainers for an extended period (more than 1-2 days). | ||
| - Maintainers SHALL NOT make value judgments on correct patches. | ||
| - Maintainers SHALL merge correct patches from other Contributors rapidly. | ||
| - The Contributor MAY tag an issue as "Ready" after making a pull request for the issue. | ||
| - The user who created an issue SHOULD close the issue after checking the patch is successful. | ||
| - Maintainers SHOULD ask for improvements to incorrect patches and SHOULD reject incorrect patches if the Contributor does not respond constructively. | ||
| - Any Contributor who has value judgments on a correct patch SHOULD express these via their own patches. | ||
| - Maintainers MAY commit changes to non-source documentation directly to the project. | ||
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| ### Creating Stable Releases | ||
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| - The project SHALL have one branch ("master") that always holds the latest in-progress version and SHOULD always build. | ||
| - The project SHALL NOT use topic branches for any reason. Personal forks MAY use topic branches. | ||
| - To make a stable release someone SHALL fork the repository by copying it and thus become maintainer of this repository. | ||
| - Forking a project for stabilization MAY be done unilaterally and without agreement of project maintainers. | ||
| - A stabilization project SHOULD be maintained by the same process as the main project. | ||
| - A patch to a stabilization project declared "stable" SHALL be accompanied by a reproducible test case. | ||
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| ### Evolution of Public Contracts | ||
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| - All Public Contracts (APIs or protocols) SHALL be documented. | ||
| - All Public Contracts SHOULD have space for extensibility and experimentation. | ||
| - A patch that modifies a stable Public Contract SHOULD not break existing applications unless there is overriding consensus on the value of doing this. | ||
| - A patch that introduces new features to a Public Contract SHOULD do so using new names. | ||
| - Old names SHOULD be deprecated in a systematic fashion by marking new names as "experimental" until they are stable, then marking the old names as "deprecated". | ||
| - When sufficient time has passed, old deprecated names SHOULD be marked "legacy" and eventually removed. | ||
| - Old names SHALL NOT be reused by new features. | ||
| - When old names are removed, their implementations MUST provoke an exception (assertion) if used by applications. | ||
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| ### Project Administration | ||
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| - The project founders SHALL act as Administrators to manage the set of project Maintainers. | ||
| - The Administrators SHALL ensure their own succession over time by promoting the most effective Maintainers. | ||
| - A new Contributor who makes a correct patch SHALL be invited to become a Maintainer. | ||
| - Administrators MAY remove Maintainers who are inactive for an extended period of time, or who repeatedly fail to apply this process accurately. | ||
| - Administrators SHOULD block or ban "bad actors" who cause stress and pain to others in the project. This should be done after public discussion, with a chance for all parties to speak. A bad actor is someone who repeatedly ignores the rules and culture of the project, who is needlessly argumentative or hostile, or who is offensive, and who is unable to self-correct their behavior when asked to do so by others. |
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