GH-35344: [C++][Format] Implementation of the LIST_VIEW and LARGE_LIS…

…T_VIEW array formats (#35345)

### Rationale for this change

Mailing list discussion: https://lists.apache.org/thread/r28rw5n39jwtvn08oljl09d4q2c1ysvb

### What changes are included in this PR?

Initial implementation of the new format in C++.

### Are these changes tested?

Unit tests being written on every commit adding new functionality. More needs to be implemented for Integration Tests (required) to be implementable.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

A new array format. It should have no impact for users that don't use it.
* Closes: #35344

Authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>

cpp/src/arrow/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ set(ARROW_SRCS
     util/hashing.cc
     util/int_util.cc
     util/io_util.cc
+    util/list_util.cc
     util/logging.cc
     util/key_value_metadata.cc
     util/memory.cc
@@ -790,6 +791,7 @@ add_arrow_test(array_test
                array/array_binary_test.cc
                array/array_dict_test.cc
                array/array_list_test.cc
+               array/array_list_view_test.cc
                array/array_run_end_test.cc
                array/array_struct_test.cc
                array/array_union_test.cc

cpp/src/arrow/array/array_base.cc

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ struct ScalarFromArraySlotImpl {
   Status Visit(const MonthDayNanoIntervalArray& a) { return Finish(a.Value(index_)); }
 
   template <typename T>
-  Status Visit(const BaseListArray<T>& a) {
+  Status Visit(const VarLengthListLikeArray<T>& a) {
     return Finish(a.value_slice(index_));
   }
 

cpp/src/arrow/array/array_list_view_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "arrow/array/array_nested.h"
+#include "arrow/array/util.h"
+#include "arrow/pretty_print.h"
+#include "arrow/testing/gtest_util.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/checked_cast.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using internal::checked_cast;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// List-view array tests
+
+namespace {
+
+class TestListViewArray : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  std::shared_ptr<Array> string_values;
+  std::shared_ptr<Array> int32_values;
+  std::shared_ptr<Array> int16_values;
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    string_values = ArrayFromJSON(utf8(), R"(["Hello", "World", null])");
+    int32_values = ArrayFromJSON(int32(), "[1, 20, 3]");
+    int16_values = ArrayFromJSON(int16(), "[10, 2, 30]");
+  }
+
+  static std::shared_ptr<Array> Offsets(std::string_view json) {
+    return ArrayFromJSON(int32(), json);
+  }
+
+  static std::shared_ptr<Array> Sizes(std::string_view json) {
+    return ArrayFromJSON(int32(), json);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST_F(TestListViewArray, MakeArray) {
+  ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto list_view_array,
+                       ListViewArray::FromArrays(*Offsets("[0, 0, 1, 2]"),
+                                                 *Sizes("[2, 1, 1, 1]"), *string_values));
+  auto array_data = list_view_array->data();
+  auto new_array = MakeArray(array_data);
+  ASSERT_ARRAYS_EQUAL(*new_array, *list_view_array);
+  // Should be the exact same ArrayData object
+  ASSERT_EQ(new_array->data(), array_data);
+  ASSERT_NE(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ListViewArray>(new_array), NULLPTR);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestListViewArray, FromOffsetsAndSizes) {
+  std::shared_ptr<ListViewArray> list_view_array;
+
+  ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(list_view_array, ListViewArray::FromArrays(
+                                            *Offsets("[0, 0, 1, 1000]"),
+                                            *Sizes("[2, 1, 1, null]"), *int32_values));
+  ASSERT_EQ(list_view_array->length(), 4);
+  ASSERT_ARRAYS_EQUAL(*list_view_array->values(), *int32_values);
+  ASSERT_EQ(list_view_array->offset(), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(list_view_array->data()->GetNullCount(), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(list_view_array->data()->buffers.size(), 3);
+}
+
+}  // namespace arrow