GH-39919: [C++][Dataset] Add missing Protobuf static link dependency (#…

…40015)

### Rationale for this change

We need to link system libprotobuf.a too when we link libarrow.a, ORC is enabled and system Protobuf is used.

If we don't link system libprotobuf.a, some symbols are missing.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add missing `${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF}` to `ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #39919

Lead-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

cpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -773,8 +773,7 @@ if(ARROW_ORC)
   list(APPEND ARROW_SHARED_LINK_LIBS orc::orc ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
   list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_LINK_LIBS orc::orc ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
   if(ORC_SOURCE STREQUAL "SYSTEM")
-    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS orc::orc
-         ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
+    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS orc::orc)
   endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -823,9 +822,6 @@ if(ARROW_WITH_OPENTELEMETRY)
          opentelemetry-cpp::ostream_span_exporter
          opentelemetry-cpp::otlp_http_exporter)
   endif()
-  if(Protobuf_SOURCE STREQUAL "SYSTEM")
-    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
-  endif()
   list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS CURL::libcurl)
 endif()
 
@@ -860,6 +856,14 @@ if(ARROW_USE_XSIMD)
   list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_LINK_LIBS ${ARROW_XSIMD})
 endif()
 
+# This should be done after if(ARROW_ORC) and if(ARROW_WITH_OPENTELEMETRY)
+# because they depend on Protobuf.
+if(ARROW_WITH_PROTOBUF)
+  if(Protobuf_SOURCE STREQUAL "SYSTEM")
+    list(APPEND ARROW_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
+  endif()
+endif()
+
 add_custom_target(arrow_dependencies)
 add_custom_target(arrow_benchmark_dependencies)
 add_custom_target(arrow_test_dependencies)