[C++][Docs] Add documentation for authoring compute kernels

[asfimport]

To help incoming developer's to work in the compute layer, it would be good to have documentation on the process to follow for authoring a new compute kernel. This document can help demystify the inner workings of the functions and data structures in the compute layer.

Reporter: Eduardo Ponce / @edponce
Assignee: Aldrin Montana / @drin

Related issues:

• [C++][Docs] Expand C++ Cookbook (relates to)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10296
• GitHub Pull Request #13933

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12724. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Benson Muite / @bkmgit:
This will be helpful.

[asfimport]

Eduardo Ponce / @edponce:
@bkmgit Yes, I am organizing myself to complete this very soon.

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Postponing to 8.0

[asfimport]

Alessandro Molina / @amol-:
Given #12460 (comment)
What are we planning to do with this one? Has been around for a while.

[asfimport]

Aldrin Montana / @drin:
I discussed with Eduardo and I think we have loosely agreed that this is just about ready to be closed.

I am planning on following up with some updates and going to try and accompany it with a cookbook recipe (apache/arrow-cookbook#174

I would like to try and get these through this week

[asfimport]

Aldrin Montana / @drin:
going to pick this up and make it cohesive with a PR in progress for apache/arrow-cookbook#174

[asfimport]

Aldrin Montana / @drin:
back from vacation and other tasks, will try to cut a reviewable draft this week and maybe break the doc up into incremental pieces to make it easier to release