[Python] Filename-based partitioning scheme

[asfimport]

This originates from [this SO question|[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69379083/read-a-partitioned-parquet-dataset-from-multiple-files-with-pyarrow-and-add-a-pa].]

The idea is to have a portioning scheme that would allow to construct a primary key from the filename.

Let's say that one is trying to read /data-N.parquet where N is an integer. That information should go in a primary key for later reference.

This is quite similar to have the files laid-out like this : /N/data.parquet so I imagine this is technically feasible.

Reporter: Cédric Hernalsteens

Related issues:

• [C++] Support for filename-based partitioning (is related to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-14176. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}