[MATLAB] Add an InferNulls name-value pair for controlling null value inference during construction of arrow.array.Array

[kevingurney]

Describe the enhancement requested

This is a follow up to the initial null value handling support that was added in #35598.

In order to give clients more flexibility in how null values in MATLAB arrays are detected when constructing an arrow.array.Array, it would be helpful to expose more name-value pairs on the arrow.array.Array class (and concrete subclasses).

One possible name-value pair for handling null value inference would be InferNulls, which is described below.

InferNulls

Supported values: true (default) | false

true - "automatically" detect null values in the input MATLAB array based on the presence of MATLAB type-specific missing values (e.g. NaN for double, <missing> for string, NaT for datetime, etc.).

false - Do not "automatically" detect null values.

Example:

>> matlabArray = string(["A", missing, "C", missing])'

matlabArray = 

  4x1 string array

    "A"
    <missing>
    "C"
    <missing>

% Infer null values from MATLAB <missing> string values
>> arrowArray = arrow.array.StringArray(matlabArray, InferNulls=true)
[
    "A",
    null,
    "C",
    null
]

Note: For some MATLAB types (e.g. int64) there is no concept of a missing value. In this case the value of InferNulls won't impact the resulting arrow.array.Array.

Component(s)

MATLAB

[kevingurney]

After further consideration, it may make sense to simplify the proposed name-value pairs to only include InferNulls = true | false rather than DetectNulls and NullDetectionFcn.

Rather than using a function_handle, clients can pre-compute null values using whatever approach they would like and then pass in a validity bitmap via the Valid name-value pair proposed in #35693.

I've updated the issue title and description accordingly.

[sgilmore10]

take