GH-33466: [Go][Parquet] Add support for Dictionary arrays to pqarrow

[zeroshade]

Rationale for this change

The Parquet package should properly handle dictionary array types to allow consumers to efficiently read/write dictionary encoded arrays for Dictionary encoded parquet files.

What changes are included in this PR?

Updates and fixes to allow Parquet read/write directly to/from dictionary arrays. Because it requires the Unique and Take compute functions, the dictionary handling requires go1.18+ just like the compute package does.

Updates the schema to handle dictionary types when storing the arrow schema. This also adds some new methods to the ColumnWriter interface and the BinaryRecordReader for handling Dictionaries.

Are these changes tested?

Yes, unit tests are added in the change.

• Closes: [GO]: pqarrow (github.com/apache/arrow/go/v9/parquet/pqarrow) cannot handle arrow's DICTIONARY field #33466

[github-actions]

• Closes: [GO]: pqarrow (github.com/apache/arrow/go/v9/parquet/pqarrow) cannot handle arrow's DICTIONARY field #33466

[lidavidm]

The Go-side changes look good to me, but I don't currently have the context for the Arrow-side changes.

[lidavidm]

Thanks. The arrow-go bits look good to me, but I unfortunately don't have the context for reviewing the Parquet bits right now...

[wjones127]

Mostly looked through the tests. Looks like you've covered the important cases there :) 👍

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 73e2b56 and contender = afe5514. afe5514 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed ⬇️0.06% ⬆️0.0%] test-mac-arm
[Finished ⬇️1.02% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.19% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] afe5514a ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] afe5514a test-mac-arm
[Finished] afe5514a ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] afe5514a ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] 73e2b561 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] 73e2b561 test-mac-arm
[Finished] 73e2b561 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 73e2b561 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java