GH-35914: [MATLAB] Integrate the latest libmexclass changes to support error-handling

[sgilmore10]

Rationale for this change

This change integrates the latest version of mathworks/libmexclass into the MATLAB interface which enables throwing MATLAB errors.

The 77f3d72 in libmexclass introduced the following changes:

1. Added a new class called libmexclass::error::Error.
2. Added a new field called error on the libmexclass::proxy::method::Context which is a std::optional<libmexclass::proxy::Error>. By default, this is a std::nullopt. To make MATLAB throw an error, set this optional.
3. To support throwing errors at construction, libmexclass now requires all Proxy subclasses to define a static make method: static libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult make(const libmexclass::proxy::FunctionArguments& constructor_arguments). This workflow is similar to using an arrow::Result<T>object.

Examples of throwing errors in MATLAB can be found on lines 45 and 94 in libmexclass/example/proxy/Car.cpp

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Pulled in the latest version of libmexclass: 77f3d72.
2. Added static libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult make(const libmexclass::proxy::FunctionArguments& constructor_arguments) to arrow::matlab::proxy::NumericArray<Type>.
3. Throw an error when trying to create an unknown proxy class.

Are these changes tested?

1. Added a new test class called tGateway.m that verifies libmexclass.proxy.gateway("Create", ...) errors if given the name of an unknown proxy class.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• Closes: [MATLAB] Integrate the latest libmexclass changes to support error-handling #35914

[kou]

+1

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 16328f0 and contender = 4074233. 4074233 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️0.5% ⬆️0.06%] test-mac-arm
[Failed ⬇️0.98% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Failed] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 40742339 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] 40742339 test-mac-arm
[Finished] 40742339 ursa-i9-9960x
[Failed] 40742339 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] 16328f0c ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] 16328f0c test-mac-arm
[Failed] 16328f0c ursa-i9-9960x
[Failed] 16328f0c ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java