GH-37448: [MATLAB] Add arrow.array.ChunkedArray class

[sgilmore10]

Rationale for this change

In order to add an arrow.tabular.Table class to the MATLAB Interface, we first need to add a MATLAB class representing arrow::ChunkedArrays. This is required because an arrow::Table is backed by a vector of arrow::ChunkedArrays, and the output of its column(int index) method is an arrow::ChunkedArray.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Introduced a new class called arrow.array.ChunkedArray.
2. arrow.array.ChunkedArray has the following properties:
   1. Type - datatype of the arrow.array.Arrays
   2. Length - Sum of the arrow.array.Array lengths
   3. NumChunks - Number of arrow.array.Arrays
3. arrow.array.ChunkedArray has the following methods:
   1. chunk(index) - Returns the arrow.array.Array stored at the specified index
   2. fromArrays(array1, array1, ..., arrayN, Type=type) - Creates a ChunkedArray from the arrays provided. If Type is provided, all arrays are expected to have the specified Type.

Example Usage

>> a1 = arrow.array(1:100);
>> a2 = arrow.array(101:250);
>> a3 = arrow.array(251:300);

% Create a ChunkedArray from 3 Float64Arrays
>> c = arrow.array.ChunkedArray.fromArrays(a1, a2, a3)

c = 

  ChunkedArray with properties:

         Type: [1×1 arrow.type.Float64Type]
    NumChunks: 3
       Length: 300

% Extract the first chunk and compare it to a1
>> c1 = c.chunk(1);
>> tf = isequal(c1, a1)

tf =

  logical

   1

% Create an empty ChunkedArray by providing the Type nv-pair
>> c = arrow.array.ChunkedArray.fromArrays(Type=arrow.timestamp())

c = 

  ChunkedArray with properties:

         Type: [1×1 arrow.type.TimestampType]
    NumChunks: 0
       Length: 0

Are these changes tested?

Yes. I added a new test class called tChunkedArray.m that contains unit tests for the new class.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. Users can now create a ChunkedArray in the MATLAB Interface.

Future Directions

1. In this PR, we deliberately didn't include a convenience constructor function because we're not sure if we want users to create ChunkedArrays themselves. We think users will mostly use ChunkedArray when extracting columns from Tables.
2. We will implement more methods on ChunkedArray, such as flatten() and combineChunks(), etc.

• Closes: [MATLAB] Add arrow.array.ChunkedArray class #37448

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 5 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 47ce129.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.