ARROW-5200: [Java] Provide light-weight arrow APIs

[liyafan82]

This PR is for JIRA ARROW-5200. In the first commits, I only support a few vectors.
If the framework is OK, I will support more vectors.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #4212 into master will increase coverage by 1.4%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4212      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   87.78%   89.18%    +1.4%     
==========================================
  Files         758      617     -141     
  Lines       92513    82203   -10310     
  Branches     1251        0    -1251     
==========================================
- Hits        81210    73313    -7897     
+ Misses      11186     8890    -2296     
+ Partials      117        0     -117

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
cpp/src/arrow/util/thread-pool-test.cc	97.66% <0%> (-0.94%)	⬇️
go/arrow/math/uint64_amd64.go
go/arrow/memory/memory_avx2_amd64.go
go/arrow/ipc/file_reader.go
js/src/enum.ts
go/arrow/array/builder.go
js/src/Arrow.node.ts
js/src/schema.ts
go/arrow/type_traits_boolean.go
js/src/ipc/node/writer.ts
... and 132 more

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[fsaintjacques]

Small nit, title should have the format ARROW-5200: [Java] Provide....

[liyafan82]

Small nit, title should have the format ARROW-5200: [Java] Provide....

I see. Thanks for your comment.
@wesm Thank you for your effort.