[FLINK-19589][Filesystem][S3] Support per-connector FileSystem configuration

[jmahonin]

What is the purpose of the change

Introduces dynamic filesystem configuration for S3

Brief change log

• Add URI query parameter parsing and apply fs.s3a. entries to Hadoop Configuration for S3/S3A

Verifying this change

Please make sure both new and modified tests in this PR follows the conventions defined in our code quality guide: https://flink.apache.org/contributing/code-style-and-quality-common.html#testing

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added unit test that verifies URI parameters are parsed and applied to Hadoop configuration
• A version of this is running in production for an S3-backed sink using an AssumedRoleProvider and dynamic role ARN

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): no
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): no
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: yes

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? yes
• If yes, how is the feature documented? not documented

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 8c636d1 Azure: SUCCESS

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