[FLINK-33775] Report JobInitialization traces

[pnowojski]

Brief change log

Please check the individual commit messages.

Verifying this change

This change has been tested as far as it was feasible via newly added unit tests in various of places. Unfortunately as this requires measuring of time, some aspects have to be tested manually.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 4993e1a Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[StefanRRichter]

Overall LGTM, left a few minor comments.

[rkhachatryan]

LGTM