[FLINK-31497][table] Drop the deprecated CatalogViewImpl

[jeyhunkarimov]

What is the purpose of the change

Drop the deprecated CatalogViewImpl

Brief change log

• Refactor documentation
• Remove CatalogViewImpl
• Refactor python code that uses CatalogViewImpl

Verifying this change

This change is a trivial rework / code cleanup without any test coverage.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• ed05690 Azure: FAILURE

Bot commands

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• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[JingGe]

LGTM

[jeyhunkarimov]

I think we cannot (yet) remove CatalogViewImpl, because python catalog depends on TableSchema (deprecated). But the new changes CatalogView uses the new Schema abstraction. We can convert the new abstraction to the old one (
(there is already conversion from TableSchema -> Schema or old to new abstraction), to make failing python test work, but I dont think it is a good idea. I would propose to wait until schema abstractions converge to Schema and ResolvedSchema. WDYT?