[FLINK-35528][task] Skip execution of interruptible mails when yielding

[pnowojski]

This PR depends on #24895 . Only the last commit should be reviewed here.

When operators are yielding, for example waiting for async state access to complete before a checkpoint, it would be beneficial to not execute interruptible mails. Otherwise continuation mail for firing timers would be continuously re-enqeueed. To achieve that MailboxExecutor must be aware which mails are interruptible.

The easiest way to achieve this is to set MIN_PRIORITY for interruptible mails.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 110257c Azure: SUCCESS

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[rkhachatryan]

LGTM in general, I have some minor comments about the implementation, PTAL.

[Zakelly]

Thanks for the PR. Overall looks good. I left some comments below and under your previous conversations :D

[rkhachatryan]

Thanks for updating the PR, LGTM
(except for docs/layouts/shortcodes/generated/execution_checkpointing_configuration.html)