[FLINK-8977] [e2e] End-to-end test for manual job resume after terminal failure

[tzulitai]

What is the purpose of the change

This PR is based on new e2e features introduced by #5941, #5990, and #5969.
Only the last two commits are relevant to FLINK-8977.

This PR adds e2e test coverage for the case that after a terminal failure caused by the user job code, manually resuming from a retained checkpoint works correctly.

This is achieved by extending the test_resume_externalized_checkpoints.sh test script to accept a SIMULATE_FAILURE flag.

Brief change log

• 9360ea9 Extend the general purpose DataStream job to allow configuring restart strategies.
• b5d713c Extend test_resume_externalized_checkpoints.sh to allow simulating the job failure + manual resume case.

Verifying this change

Verifiable by running locally the following e2e test script:
SIMULATE_FAILURE=true flink-end-to-end-tests/test-scripts/test_resume_externalized_checkpoints.sh

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Yarn/Mesos, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)