[FLINK-8654][Docs] Extend quickstart docs on how to submit jobs

[medcv]

Brief change log

The quickstart documentation explains how to setup the project, build the jar and run things in the IDE, but neither explains how to submit the jar to a cluster nor guides the user to where he could find this information (like the CLI docs).

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Yarn/Mesos, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[medcv]

@zentol Please review

[medcv]

@zentol Please review

[zentol]

You could've saved a lot of time by extending the Next steps section and linking to the setup_quickstart page.

[medcv]

@zentol yes, that also works. Do you still need me to change it and extend Next Steps or we can keep this to provide a bit more info for different ways to submitting jobs.

[zentol]

Ideally we only link to other sections, otherwise we end up with redundant (and probably inconsistent) information in the docs. You can link to specific sections for each way to submit jobs, similar to what the existing Next Steps section does.

[medcv]

@zentol sure, will update the PR shortly!

[medcv]

@zentol PR has been updated! Please review.

[zentol]

merging.

[zentol]

I think it actually looks nicer with the ticks. https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/quickstart/java_api_quickstart.html#build-project

Will revert this while merging.