[FLINK-12524] [table-planner-blink] Introduce planner rules about rank

[godfreyhe]

What is the purpose of the change

Introduce planner rules about rank

Brief change log

• added CalcRankTransposeRule that transposes FlinkLogicalCalc past FlinkLogicalRank
  to reduce rank input fields
• added RankNumberColumnRemoveRule that emoves the output column of rank number iff there is a equality condition for the rank column

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added CalcRankTransposeRuleTest that validates CalcRankTransposeRule
• Added RankNumberColumnRemoveRuleTest that validates RankNumberColumnRemoveRule

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Yarn/Mesos, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

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[KurtYoung]

Looks like this query actually removed row number?

[godfreyhe]

the original Rank does not output row number, so RankNumberColumnRemoveRule will not be matched(it requires isRowNumber && constantRowNumber && rank.outputRankNumber is true)

[KurtYoung]

How many benefits we can gain from this rule? Is it necessary for some kinds of optimizations?

[godfreyhe]

It's very useful for stream job to reduce Rank state.