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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-->
<title>Stopping and Restarting - Apache HTTP Server</title>
<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Stopping and Restarting</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/stopping.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
<a href="./en/stopping.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="./es/stopping.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
<a href="./ja/stopping.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
<a href="./ko/stopping.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
</div>
<p>This document covers stopping and restarting Apache on
Unix-like systems. Windows NT, 2000 and XP users should see
<a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a
Service</a> and Windows 9x and ME users should see <a href="platform/windows.html#wincons">Running Apache as a
Console Application</a> for information on how to control
Apache on those platforms.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#term">Stop Now</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#graceful">Graceful Restart</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#hup">Restart Now</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#gracefulstop">Graceful Stop</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#race">Appendix: signals and race conditions</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>In order to stop or restart Apache, you must send a signal to
the running <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> processes. There are two ways to
send the signals. First, you can use the unix <code>kill</code>
command to directly send signals to the processes. You will
notice many <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> executables running on your system,
but you should not send signals to any of them except the parent,
whose pid is in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></code>. That is to say you
shouldn't ever need to send signals to any process except the
parent. There are three signals that you can send the parent:
<code><a href="#term">TERM</a></code>,
<code><a href="#hup">HUP</a></code>, and
<code><a href="#graceful">USR1</a></code>, which
will be described in a moment.</p>
<p>To send a signal to the parent you should issue a command
such as:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>kill -TERM `cat /usr/local/apache2/logs/httpd.pid`</code></p></div>
<p>The second method of signaling the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> processes
is to use the <code>-k</code> command line options: <code>stop</code>,
<code>restart</code>, <code>graceful</code> and <code>graceful-stop</code>,
as described below. These are arguments to the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary, but we recommend that
you send them using the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script, which
will pass them through to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
<p>After you have signaled <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>, you can read about
its progress by issuing:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>tail -f /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log</code></p></div>
<p>Modify those examples to match your <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></code> settings.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="term" id="term">Stop Now</a></h2>
<dl><dt>Signal: TERM</dt>
<dd><code>apachectl -k stop</code></dd>
</dl>
<p>Sending the <code>TERM</code> or <code>stop</code> signal to
the parent causes it to immediately attempt to kill off all of its
children. It may take it several seconds to complete killing off
its children. Then the parent itself exits. Any requests in
progress are terminated, and no further requests are served.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="graceful" id="graceful">Graceful Restart</a></h2>
<dl><dt>Signal: USR1</dt>
<dd><code>apachectl -k graceful</code></dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code>USR1</code> or <code>graceful</code> signal causes
the parent process to <em>advise</em> the children to exit after
their current request (or to exit immediately if they're not
serving anything). The parent re-reads its configuration files and
re-opens its log files. As each child dies off the parent replaces
it with a child from the new <em>generation</em> of the
configuration, which begins serving new requests immediately.</p>
<p>This code is designed to always respect the process control
directive of the MPMs, so the number of processes and threads
available to serve clients will be maintained at the appropriate
values throughout the restart process. Furthermore, it respects
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code> in the
following manner: if after one second at least <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code> new children have not
been created, then create enough to pick up the slack. Hence the
code tries to maintain both the number of children appropriate for
the current load on the server, and respect your wishes with the
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#startservers">StartServers</a></code>
parameter.</p>
<p>Users of <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>
will notice that the server statistics are <strong>not</strong>
set to zero when a <code>USR1</code> is sent. The code was
written to both minimize the time in which the server is unable
to serve new requests (they will be queued up by the operating
system, so they're not lost in any event) and to respect your
tuning parameters. In order to do this it has to keep the
<em>scoreboard</em> used to keep track of all children across
generations.</p>
<p>The status module will also use a <code>G</code> to indicate
those children which are still serving requests started before
the graceful restart was given.</p>
<p>At present there is no way for a log rotation script using
<code>USR1</code> to know for certain that all children writing
the pre-restart log have finished. We suggest that you use a
suitable delay after sending the <code>USR1</code> signal
before you do anything with the old log. For example if most of
your hits take less than 10 minutes to complete for users on
low bandwidth links then you could wait 15 minutes before doing
anything with the old log.</p>
<div class="note">If your configuration file has errors
in it when you issue a restart then your parent will not
restart, it will exit with an error. In the case of graceful
restarts it will also leave children running when it exits.
(These are the children which are "gracefully exiting" by
handling their last request.) This will cause problems if you
attempt to restart the server -- it will not be able to bind to
its listening ports. Before doing a restart, you can check the
syntax of the configuration files with the <code>-t</code>
command line argument (see <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>). This still will not
guarantee that the server will restart correctly. To check the
semantics of the configuration files as well as the syntax, you
can try starting <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> as a non-root user. If there
are no errors it will attempt to open its sockets and logs and fail
because it's not root (or because the currently running
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> already has those ports bound). If it fails
for any other reason then it's probably a config file error and the error
should be fixed before issuing the graceful restart.</div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="hup" id="hup">Restart Now</a></h2>
<dl><dt>Signal: HUP</dt>
<dd><code>apachectl -k restart</code></dd>
</dl>
<p>Sending the <code>HUP</code> or <code>restart</code> signal to
the parent causes it to kill off its children like in
<code>TERM</code>, but the parent doesn't exit. It re-reads its
configuration files, and re-opens any log files. Then it spawns a
new set of children and continues serving hits.</p>
<p>Users of <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>
will notice that the server statistics are set to zero when a
<code>HUP</code> is sent.</p>
<div class="note">If your configuration file has errors in it when you issue a
restart then your parent will not restart, it will exit with an
error. See above for a method of avoiding this.</div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="gracefulstop" id="gracefulstop">Graceful Stop</a></h2>
<dl><dt>Signal: WINCH</dt>
<dd><code>apachectl -k graceful-stop</code></dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code>WINCH</code> or <code>graceful-stop</code> signal causes
the parent process to <em>advise</em> the children to exit after
their current request (or to exit immediately if they're not
serving anything). The parent will then remove its <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></code> and cease listening on
all ports. The parent will continue to run, and monitor children
which are handling requests. Once all children have finalised
and exited or the timeout specified by the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#gracefulshutdowntimeout">GracefulShutdownTimeout</a></code> has been
reached, the parent will also exit. If the timeout is reached,
any remaining children will be sent the <code>TERM</code> signal
to force them to exit.</p>
<p>A <code>TERM</code> signal will immediately terminate the
parent process and all children when in the "graceful" state. However
as the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></code> will
have been removed, you will not be able to use
<code>apachectl</code> or <code>httpd</code> to send this signal,</p>
<div class="note"><p>The <code>graceful-stop</code> signal allows you to run multiple
identically configured instances of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> at the
same time. This is a powerful feature when performing graceful
upgrades of Apache, however it can also cause deadlocks and race
conditions with some configurations.</p>
<p>Care has been taken to ensure that on-disk files
such as the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#lockfile">Lockfile</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_cgid.html#scriptsock">ScriptSock</a></code> files contain the server
PID, and should co-exist without problem. However, if a configuration
directive, third-party module or persistent CGI utilises any other on-disk
lock or state files; care should be taken to ensure that multiple running
instances of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> do not clobber each others files.</p>
<p>You should also be wary of other potential race conditions, such as
using <code class="program"><a href="./programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a></code> style piped logging. Multiple running
instances of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a></code> attempting to rotate the same
logfiles at the same time may destroy each other's logfiles.</p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="race" id="race">Appendix: signals and race conditions</a></h2>
<p>Prior to Apache 1.2b9 there were several <em>race
conditions</em> involving the restart and die signals (a simply put,
a race condition is a time-sensitive problem - if something happens
at just the wrong time or things happen in the wrong order,
undesired behaviour will result. If the same thing happens at the right
time, all will be well). For those architectures that have the "right"
feature set we have eliminated as many as we can. But it should
be noted that race conditions do still exist on certain
architectures.</p>
<p>Architectures that use an on-disk <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile</a></code> can potentially have
their scoreboards corrupted. This can result in the "bind:
Address already in use" (after <code>HUP</code>) or "long lost
child came home!" (after <code>USR1</code>). The former is a fatal
error, while the latter just causes the server to lose a
scoreboard slot. So it may be advisable to use graceful
restarts, with an occasional hard restart. These problems are very
difficult to work around, but fortunately most architectures do
not require a scoreboard file. See the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile</a></code> documentation for
architecture which uses it.</p>
<p>All architectures have a small race condition in each child
involving the second and subsequent requests on a persistent
HTTP connection (KeepAlive). It may exit after reading the
request line but before reading any of the request headers.
There is a fix that was discovered too late to make 1.2. In
theory this isn't an issue because the KeepAlive client has to
expect these events because of network latencies and server
timeouts. In practice it doesn't seem to affect anything either
-- in a test case the server was restarted twenty times per
second and clients successfully browsed the site without
getting broken images or empty documents. </p>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/stopping.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
<a href="./en/stopping.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="./es/stopping.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
<a href="./ja/stopping.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
<a href="./ko/stopping.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
</div><div id="footer">
<p class="apache">Copyright 1995-2005 The Apache Software Foundation or its licensors, as applicable.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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