[LIBCLOUD-745] Add Vultr DNS provider implementation

docs/dns/drivers/vultr.rst

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+Vultr Driver Documentation
+===========================
+
+`Vultr`_ was built by the same team that created Choopa.com and
+GameServers.com, has tackled hosting solutions, delivering industry
+leading performance and reliability while building out one highly available
+worldwide network.
+
+Read more at: https://www.vultr.com/about/
+
+Instantiating the driver
+--------------------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: /examples/dns/vultr/instantiate_driver.py
+   :language: python
+
+API Docs
+--------
+
+.. autoclass:: libcloud.dns.drivers.vultr.VultrDNSDriver
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+
+.. _`Vultr`: https://www.vultr.com

docs/examples/dns/vultr/instantiate_driver.py

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+from libcloud.dns.types import Provider
+from libcloud.dns.providers import get_driver
+
+cls = get_driver(Provider.VULTR)
+driver = cls(key='api_key')

libcloud/common/vultr.py

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+from libcloud.common.base import ConnectionKey, JsonResponse
+from libcloud.utils.misc import lowercase_keys
+from libcloud.utils.py3 import PY3, b
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'API_HOST',
+    'VultrConnection',
+    'VultrException',
+    'VultrResponse',
+]
+
+# Endpoint for the Vultr API
+API_HOST = 'api.vultr.com'
+
+
+class VultrResponse(JsonResponse):
+
+    objects = None
+    error_dict = {}
+    errors = None
+    ERROR_CODE_MAP = {
+
+        400: "Invalid API location. Check the URL that you are using.",
+        403: "Invalid or missing API key. Check that your API key is present" +
+             " and matches your assigned key.",
+        405: "Invalid HTTP method. Check that the method (POST|GET) matches" +
+             " what the documentation indicates.",
+        412: "Request failed. Check the response body for a more detailed" +
+             " description.",
+        500: "Internal server error. Try again at a later time.",
+        503: "Rate limit hit. API requests are limited to an average of 1/s." +
+             " Try your request again later.",
+
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, response, connection):
+
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.error = response.reason
+        self.status = response.status
+        self.headers = lowercase_keys(dict(response.getheaders()))
+
+        original_data = getattr(response, '_original_data', None)
+
+        if original_data:
+            self.body = response._original_data
+
+        else:
+            self.body = self._decompress_response(body=response.read(),
+                                                  headers=self.headers)
+
+        if PY3:
+            self.body = b(self.body).decode('utf-8')
+
+        self.objects, self.errors = self.parse_body()
+        if not self.success():
+            raise self._make_excp(self.errors[0])
+
+    def parse_body(self):
+        """
+        Returns JSON data in a python list.
+        """
+        json_objects = []
+        errors = []
+
+        if self.status in self.ERROR_CODE_MAP:
+            self.error_dict['ERRORCODE'] = self.status
+            self.error_dict['ERRORMESSAGE'] = self.ERROR_CODE_MAP[self.status]
+            errors.append(self.error_dict)
+
+        js = super(VultrResponse, self).parse_body()
+        if isinstance(js, dict):
+            js = [js]
+
+        json_objects.append(js)
+
+        return (json_objects, errors)
+
+    def _make_excp(self, error):
+        """
+        Convert API error to a VultrException instance
+        """
+
+        return VultrException(error['ERRORCODE'], error['ERRORMESSAGE'])
+
+    def success(self):
+
+        return len(self.errors) == 0
+
+
+class VultrConnection(ConnectionKey):
+    """
+    A connection to the Vultr API
+    """
+    host = API_HOST
+    responseCls = VultrResponse
+
+    def add_default_params(self, params):
+        """
+        Returns default params such as api_key which is
+        needed to perform an action.Returns a dictionary.
+        Example:/v1/server/upgrade_plan?api_key=self.key
+        """
+        params['api_key'] = self.key
+
+        return params
+
+    def add_default_headers(self, headers):
+        """
+        Returns default headers such as content-type.
+        Returns a dictionary.
+        """
+        headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+        headers["Accept"] = "text/plain"
+
+        return headers
+
+    def set_path(self):
+        self.path = '/v/'
+        return self.path
+
+
+class VultrException(Exception):
+    """
+    Error originating from the Vultr API
+    """
+    def __init__(self, code, message):
+        self.code = code
+        self.message = message
+        self.args = (code, message)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "(%u) %s" % (self.code, self.message)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "VultrException code %u '%s'" % (self.code, self.message)