CheckIndex.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.lucene.index;


import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.lucene.codecs.Codec;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.DocValuesProducer;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.NormsProducer;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.PointsReader;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.PostingsFormat;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.StoredFieldsReader;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.TermVectorsReader;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.blocktree.BlockTreeTermsReader;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.DocumentStoredFieldVisitor;
import org.apache.lucene.index.CheckIndex.Status.DocValuesStatus;
import org.apache.lucene.index.PointValues.IntersectVisitor;
import org.apache.lucene.index.PointValues.Relation;
import org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator;
import org.apache.lucene.search.DocValuesFieldExistsQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.LeafFieldComparator;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Sort;
import org.apache.lucene.search.SortField;
import org.apache.lucene.store.AlreadyClosedException;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.IOContext;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Lock;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Accountables;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Bits;
import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefBuilder;
import org.apache.lucene.util.CommandLineUtil;
import org.apache.lucene.util.FixedBitSet;
import org.apache.lucene.util.FutureArrays;
import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
import org.apache.lucene.util.LongBitSet;
import org.apache.lucene.util.StringHelper;
import org.apache.lucene.util.SuppressForbidden;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;
import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.Automata;
import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.CompiledAutomaton;

import static org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS;

/**
 * Basic tool and API to check the health of an index and
 * write a new segments file that removes reference to
 * problematic segments.
 * 
 * <p>As this tool checks every byte in the index, on a large
 * index it can take quite a long time to run.
 *
 * @lucene.experimental Please make a complete backup of your
 * index before using this to exorcise corrupted documents from your index!
 */
public final class CheckIndex implements Closeable {

  private PrintStream infoStream;
  private Directory dir;
  private Lock writeLock;
  private volatile boolean closed;

  /**
   * Returned from {@link #checkIndex()} detailing the health and status of the index.
   *
   * @lucene.experimental
   **/

  public static class Status {

    Status() {
    }

    /** True if no problems were found with the index. */
    public boolean clean;

    /** True if we were unable to locate and load the segments_N file. */
    public boolean missingSegments;

    /** Name of latest segments_N file in the index. */
    public String segmentsFileName;

    /** Number of segments in the index. */
    public int numSegments;

    /** Empty unless you passed specific segments list to check as optional 3rd argument.
     *  @see CheckIndex#checkIndex(List) */
    public List<String> segmentsChecked = new ArrayList<>();
  
    /** True if the index was created with a newer version of Lucene than the CheckIndex tool. */
    public boolean toolOutOfDate;

    /** List of {@link SegmentInfoStatus} instances, detailing status of each segment. */
    public List<SegmentInfoStatus> segmentInfos = new ArrayList<>();
  
    /** Directory index is in. */
    public Directory dir;

    /** 
     * SegmentInfos instance containing only segments that
     * had no problems (this is used with the {@link CheckIndex#exorciseIndex} 
     * method to repair the index. 
     */
    SegmentInfos newSegments;

    /** How many documents will be lost to bad segments. */
    public int totLoseDocCount;

    /** How many bad segments were found. */
    public int numBadSegments;

    /** True if we checked only specific segments ({@link
     * #checkIndex(List)}) was called with non-null
     * argument). */
    public boolean partial;

    /** The greatest segment name. */
    public long maxSegmentName;

    /** Whether the SegmentInfos.counter is greater than any of the segments' names. */
    public boolean validCounter; 

    /** Holds the userData of the last commit in the index */
    public Map<String, String> userData;

    /** Holds the status of each segment in the index.
     *  See {@link #segmentInfos}.
     *
     * @lucene.experimental
     */
    public static class SegmentInfoStatus {

      SegmentInfoStatus() {
      }

      /** Name of the segment. */
      public String name;

      /** Codec used to read this segment. */
      public Codec codec;

      /** Document count (does not take deletions into account). */
      public int maxDoc;

      /** True if segment is compound file format. */
      public boolean compound;

      /** Number of files referenced by this segment. */
      public int numFiles;

      /** Net size (MB) of the files referenced by this
       *  segment. */
      public double sizeMB;

      /** True if this segment has pending deletions. */
      public boolean hasDeletions;

      /** Current deletions generation. */
      public long deletionsGen;

      /** True if we were able to open a CodecReader on this
       *  segment. */
      public boolean openReaderPassed;

      /** Map that includes certain
       *  debugging details that IndexWriter records into
       *  each segment it creates */
      public Map<String,String> diagnostics;
      
      /** Status for testing of livedocs */
      public LiveDocStatus liveDocStatus;
      
      /** Status for testing of field infos */
      public FieldInfoStatus fieldInfoStatus;

      /** Status for testing of field norms (null if field norms could not be tested). */
      public FieldNormStatus fieldNormStatus;

      /** Status for testing of indexed terms (null if indexed terms could not be tested). */
      public TermIndexStatus termIndexStatus;

      /** Status for testing of stored fields (null if stored fields could not be tested). */
      public StoredFieldStatus storedFieldStatus;

      /** Status for testing of term vectors (null if term vectors could not be tested). */
      public TermVectorStatus termVectorStatus;
      
      /** Status for testing of DocValues (null if DocValues could not be tested). */
      public DocValuesStatus docValuesStatus;

      /** Status for testing of PointValues (null if PointValues could not be tested). */
      public PointsStatus pointsStatus;

      /** Status of index sort */
      public IndexSortStatus indexSortStatus;
    }
    
    /**
     * Status from testing livedocs
     */
    public static final class LiveDocStatus {
      private LiveDocStatus() {
      }
      
      /** Number of deleted documents. */
      public int numDeleted;
      
      /** Exception thrown during term index test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }
    
    /**
     * Status from testing field infos.
     */
    public static final class FieldInfoStatus {
      private FieldInfoStatus() {
      }

      /** Number of fields successfully tested */
      public long totFields = 0L;

      /** Exception thrown during term index test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }

    /**
     * Status from testing field norms.
     */
    public static final class FieldNormStatus {
      private FieldNormStatus() {
      }

      /** Number of fields successfully tested */
      public long totFields = 0L;

      /** Exception thrown during term index test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }

    /**
     * Status from testing term index.
     */
    public static final class TermIndexStatus {

      TermIndexStatus() {
      }

      /** Number of terms with at least one live doc. */
      public long termCount = 0L;

      /** Number of terms with zero live docs docs. */
      public long delTermCount = 0L;

      /** Total frequency across all terms. */
      public long totFreq = 0L;
      
      /** Total number of positions. */
      public long totPos = 0L;

      /** Exception thrown during term index test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;

      /** Holds details of block allocations in the block
       *  tree terms dictionary (this is only set if the
       *  {@link PostingsFormat} for this segment uses block
       *  tree. */
      public Map<String,Object> blockTreeStats = null;
    }

    /**
     * Status from testing stored fields.
     */
    public static final class StoredFieldStatus {

      StoredFieldStatus() {
      }
      
      /** Number of documents tested. */
      public int docCount = 0;
      
      /** Total number of stored fields tested. */
      public long totFields = 0;
      
      /** Exception thrown during stored fields test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }

    /**
     * Status from testing stored fields.
     */
    public static final class TermVectorStatus {
      
      TermVectorStatus() {
      }

      /** Number of documents tested. */
      public int docCount = 0;
      
      /** Total number of term vectors tested. */
      public long totVectors = 0;
      
      /** Exception thrown during term vector test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }
    
    /**
     * Status from testing DocValues
     */
    public static final class DocValuesStatus {

      DocValuesStatus() {
      }

      /** Total number of docValues tested. */
      public long totalValueFields;
      
      /** Total number of numeric fields */
      public long totalNumericFields;
      
      /** Total number of binary fields */
      public long totalBinaryFields;
      
      /** Total number of sorted fields */
      public long totalSortedFields;
      
      /** Total number of sortednumeric fields */
      public long totalSortedNumericFields;
      
      /** Total number of sortedset fields */
      public long totalSortedSetFields;
      
      /** Exception thrown during doc values test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }

    /**
     * Status from testing PointValues
     */
    public static final class PointsStatus {

      PointsStatus() {
      }

      /** Total number of values points tested. */
      public long totalValuePoints;

      /** Total number of fields with points. */
      public int totalValueFields;
      
      /** Exception thrown during doc values test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }

    /**
     * Status from testing index sort
     */
    public static final class IndexSortStatus {
      IndexSortStatus() {
      }

      /** Exception thrown during term index test (null on success) */
      public Throwable error = null;
    }
    
  }

  /** Create a new CheckIndex on the directory. */
  public CheckIndex(Directory dir) throws IOException {
    this(dir, dir.obtainLock(IndexWriter.WRITE_LOCK_NAME));
  }
  
  /** 
   * Expert: create a directory with the specified lock.
   * This should really not be used except for unit tests!!!!
   * It exists only to support special tests (such as TestIndexWriterExceptions*),
   * that would otherwise be more complicated to debug if they had to close the writer
   * for each check.
   */
  public CheckIndex(Directory dir, Lock writeLock) {
    this.dir = dir;
    this.writeLock = writeLock;
    this.infoStream = null;
  }
  
  private void ensureOpen() {
    if (closed) {
      throw new AlreadyClosedException("this instance is closed");
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void close() throws IOException {
    closed = true;
    IOUtils.close(writeLock);
  }

  private boolean doSlowChecks;

  /** If true, additional slow checks are performed.  This will likely
   *  drastically increase time it takes to run CheckIndex! */
  public void setDoSlowChecks(boolean v) {
    doSlowChecks = v;
  }

  /** See {@link #setDoSlowChecks}. */
  public boolean doSlowChecks() {
    return doSlowChecks;
  }

  private boolean failFast;

  /** If true, just throw the original exception immediately when
   *  corruption is detected, rather than continuing to iterate to other
   *  segments looking for more corruption.  */
  public void setFailFast(boolean v) {
    failFast = v;
  }

  /** See {@link #setFailFast}. */
  public boolean getFailFast() {
    return failFast;
  }

  private boolean verbose;
  
  /** See {@link #getChecksumsOnly}. */
  public boolean getChecksumsOnly() {
    return checksumsOnly;
  }
  
  /** 
   * If true, only validate physical integrity for all files. 
   * Note that the returned nested status objects (e.g. storedFieldStatus) will be null.  */
  public void setChecksumsOnly(boolean v) {
    checksumsOnly = v;
  }
  
  private boolean checksumsOnly;

  /** Set infoStream where messages should go.  If null, no
   *  messages are printed.  If verbose is true then more
   *  details are printed. */
  public void setInfoStream(PrintStream out, boolean verbose) {
    infoStream = out;
    this.verbose = verbose;
  }

  /** Set infoStream where messages should go. See {@link #setInfoStream(PrintStream,boolean)}. */
  public void setInfoStream(PrintStream out) {
    setInfoStream(out, false);
  }

  private static void msg(PrintStream out, String msg) {
    if (out != null)
      out.println(msg);
  }

  /** Returns a {@link Status} instance detailing
   *  the state of the index.
   *
   *  <p>As this method checks every byte in the index, on a large
   *  index it can take quite a long time to run.
   *
   *  <p><b>WARNING</b>: make sure
   *  you only call this when the index is not opened by any
   *  writer. */
  public Status checkIndex() throws IOException {
    return checkIndex(null);
  }
  
  /** Returns a {@link Status} instance detailing
   *  the state of the index.
   * 
   *  @param onlySegments list of specific segment names to check
   *
   *  <p>As this method checks every byte in the specified
   *  segments, on a large index it can take quite a long
   *  time to run. */
  public Status checkIndex(List<String> onlySegments) throws IOException {
    ensureOpen();
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.ROOT);
    SegmentInfos sis = null;
    Status result = new Status();
    result.dir = dir;
    String[] files = dir.listAll();
    String lastSegmentsFile = SegmentInfos.getLastCommitSegmentsFileName(files);
    if (lastSegmentsFile == null) {
      throw new IndexNotFoundException("no segments* file found in " + dir + ": files: " + Arrays.toString(files));
    }
    try {
      // Do not use SegmentInfos.read(Directory) since the spooky
      // retrying it does is not necessary here (we hold the write lock):
      sis = SegmentInfos.readCommit(dir, lastSegmentsFile);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(t);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR: could not read any segments file in directory");
      result.missingSegments = true;
      if (infoStream != null)
        t.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      return result;
    }

    if (infoStream != null) {
      int maxDoc = 0;
      int delCount = 0;
      for (SegmentCommitInfo info : sis) {
        maxDoc += info.info.maxDoc();
        delCount += info.getDelCount();
      }
      infoStream.println(String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f%% total deletions; %d documents; %d deleteions",
                                       100.*delCount/maxDoc,
                                       maxDoc,
                                       delCount));
    }
    
    // find the oldest and newest segment versions
    Version oldest = null;
    Version newest = null;
    String oldSegs = null;
    for (SegmentCommitInfo si : sis) {
      Version version = si.info.getVersion();
      if (version == null) {
        // pre-3.1 segment
        oldSegs = "pre-3.1";
      } else {
        if (oldest == null || version.onOrAfter(oldest) == false) {
          oldest = version;
        }
        if (newest == null || version.onOrAfter(newest)) {
          newest = version;
        }
      }
    }

    final int numSegments = sis.size();
    final String segmentsFileName = sis.getSegmentsFileName();
    result.segmentsFileName = segmentsFileName;
    result.numSegments = numSegments;
    result.userData = sis.getUserData();
    String userDataString;
    if (sis.getUserData().size() > 0) {
      userDataString = " userData=" + sis.getUserData();
    } else {
      userDataString = "";
    }

    String versionString = "";
    if (oldSegs != null) {
      if (newest != null) {
        versionString = "versions=[" + oldSegs + " .. " + newest + "]";
      } else {
        versionString = "version=" + oldSegs;
      }
    } else if (newest != null) { // implies oldest != null
      versionString = oldest.equals(newest) ? ( "version=" + oldest ) : ("versions=[" + oldest + " .. " + newest + "]");
    }

    msg(infoStream, "Segments file=" + segmentsFileName + " numSegments=" + numSegments
        + " " + versionString + " id=" + StringHelper.idToString(sis.getId()) + userDataString);

    if (onlySegments != null) {
      result.partial = true;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("\nChecking only these segments:");
        for (String s : onlySegments) {
          infoStream.print(" " + s);
        }
      }
      result.segmentsChecked.addAll(onlySegments);
      msg(infoStream, ":");
    }



    result.newSegments = sis.clone();
    result.newSegments.clear();
    result.maxSegmentName = -1;

    for(int i=0;i<numSegments;i++) {
      final SegmentCommitInfo info = sis.info(i);
      long segmentName = Long.parseLong(info.info.name.substring(1), Character.MAX_RADIX);
      if (segmentName > result.maxSegmentName) {
        result.maxSegmentName = segmentName;
      }
      if (onlySegments != null && !onlySegments.contains(info.info.name)) {
        continue;
      }
      Status.SegmentInfoStatus segInfoStat = new Status.SegmentInfoStatus();
      result.segmentInfos.add(segInfoStat);
      msg(infoStream, "  " + (1+i) + " of " + numSegments + ": name=" + info.info.name + " maxDoc=" + info.info.maxDoc());
      segInfoStat.name = info.info.name;
      segInfoStat.maxDoc = info.info.maxDoc();
      
      final Version version = info.info.getVersion();
      if (info.info.maxDoc() <= 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("illegal number of documents: maxDoc=" + info.info.maxDoc());
      }

      int toLoseDocCount = info.info.maxDoc();

      SegmentReader reader = null;
      Sort previousIndexSort = null;

      try {
        msg(infoStream, "    version=" + (version == null ? "3.0" : version));
        msg(infoStream, "    id=" + StringHelper.idToString(info.info.getId()));
        final Codec codec = info.info.getCodec();
        msg(infoStream, "    codec=" + codec);
        segInfoStat.codec = codec;
        msg(infoStream, "    compound=" + info.info.getUseCompoundFile());
        segInfoStat.compound = info.info.getUseCompoundFile();
        msg(infoStream, "    numFiles=" + info.files().size());
        Sort indexSort = info.info.getIndexSort();
        if (indexSort != null) {
          msg(infoStream, "    sort=" + indexSort);
          if (previousIndexSort != null) {
            if (previousIndexSort.equals(indexSort) == false) {
              throw new RuntimeException("index sort changed from " + previousIndexSort + " to " + indexSort);
            }
          } else {
            previousIndexSort = indexSort;
          }
        }
        segInfoStat.numFiles = info.files().size();
        segInfoStat.sizeMB = info.sizeInBytes()/(1024.*1024.);
        msg(infoStream, "    size (MB)=" + nf.format(segInfoStat.sizeMB));
        Map<String,String> diagnostics = info.info.getDiagnostics();
        segInfoStat.diagnostics = diagnostics;
        if (diagnostics.size() > 0) {
          msg(infoStream, "    diagnostics = " + diagnostics);
        }

        if (!info.hasDeletions()) {
          msg(infoStream, "    no deletions");
          segInfoStat.hasDeletions = false;
        } else {
          msg(infoStream, "    has deletions [delGen=" + info.getDelGen() + "]");
          segInfoStat.hasDeletions = true;
          segInfoStat.deletionsGen = info.getDelGen();
        }
        
        long startOpenReaderNS = System.nanoTime();
        if (infoStream != null)
          infoStream.print("    test: open reader.........");
        reader = new SegmentReader(info, sis.getIndexCreatedVersionMajor(), false, IOContext.DEFAULT,
            Collections.singletonMap(BlockTreeTermsReader.FST_MODE_KEY, BlockTreeTermsReader.FSTLoadMode.OFF_HEAP.name())); // lets keep stuff on disk for check-index
        msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [took %.3f sec]", nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startOpenReaderNS)));

        segInfoStat.openReaderPassed = true;
        
        long startIntegrityNS = System.nanoTime();
        if (infoStream != null)
          infoStream.print("    test: check integrity.....");
        reader.checkIntegrity();
        msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [took %.3f sec]", nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startIntegrityNS)));

        if (reader.maxDoc() != info.info.maxDoc()) {
          throw new RuntimeException("SegmentReader.maxDoc() " + reader.maxDoc() + " != SegmentInfo.maxDoc " + info.info.maxDoc());
        }
        
        final int numDocs = reader.numDocs();
        toLoseDocCount = numDocs;
        
        if (reader.hasDeletions()) {
          if (reader.numDocs() != info.info.maxDoc() - info.getDelCount()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("delete count mismatch: info=" + (info.info.maxDoc() - info.getDelCount()) + " vs reader=" + reader.numDocs());
          }
          if ((info.info.maxDoc() - reader.numDocs()) > reader.maxDoc()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("too many deleted docs: maxDoc()=" + reader.maxDoc() + " vs del count=" + (info.info.maxDoc() - reader.numDocs()));
          }
          if (info.info.maxDoc() - reader.numDocs() != info.getDelCount()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("delete count mismatch: info=" + info.getDelCount() + " vs reader=" + (info.info.maxDoc() - reader.numDocs()));
          }
        } else {
          if (info.getDelCount() != 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("delete count mismatch: info=" + info.getDelCount() + " vs reader=" + (info.info.maxDoc() - reader.numDocs()));
          }
        }
        
        if (checksumsOnly == false) {
          // Test Livedocs
          segInfoStat.liveDocStatus = testLiveDocs(reader, infoStream, failFast);

          // Test Fieldinfos
          segInfoStat.fieldInfoStatus = testFieldInfos(reader, infoStream, failFast);

          // Test Field Norms
          segInfoStat.fieldNormStatus = testFieldNorms(reader, infoStream, failFast);

          // Test the Term Index
          segInfoStat.termIndexStatus = testPostings(reader, infoStream, verbose, doSlowChecks, failFast);

          // Test Stored Fields
          segInfoStat.storedFieldStatus = testStoredFields(reader, infoStream, failFast);

          // Test Term Vectors
          segInfoStat.termVectorStatus = testTermVectors(reader, infoStream, verbose, doSlowChecks, failFast);

          // Test Docvalues
          segInfoStat.docValuesStatus = testDocValues(reader, infoStream, failFast);

          // Test PointValues
          segInfoStat.pointsStatus = testPoints(reader, infoStream, failFast);

          // Test index sort
          segInfoStat.indexSortStatus = testSort(reader, indexSort, infoStream, failFast);

          // Rethrow the first exception we encountered
          //  This will cause stats for failed segments to be incremented properly
          if (segInfoStat.liveDocStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Live docs test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.fieldInfoStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Field Info test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.fieldNormStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Field Norm test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.termIndexStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Term Index test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.storedFieldStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Stored Field test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.termVectorStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Term Vector test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.docValuesStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("DocValues test failed");
          } else if (segInfoStat.pointsStatus.error != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Points test failed");
          }
        }
        final String softDeletesField = reader.getFieldInfos().getSoftDeletesField();
        if (softDeletesField != null) {
          checkSoftDeletes(softDeletesField, info, reader, infoStream, failFast);
        }
        msg(infoStream, "");
        
        if (verbose) {
          msg(infoStream, "detailed segment RAM usage: ");
          msg(infoStream, Accountables.toString(reader));
        }

      } catch (Throwable t) {
        if (failFast) {
          throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(t);
        }
        msg(infoStream, "FAILED");
        String comment;
        comment = "exorciseIndex() would remove reference to this segment";
        msg(infoStream, "    WARNING: " + comment + "; full exception:");
        if (infoStream != null)
          t.printStackTrace(infoStream);
        msg(infoStream, "");
        result.totLoseDocCount += toLoseDocCount;
        result.numBadSegments++;
        continue;
      } finally {
        if (reader != null)
          reader.close();
      }

      // Keeper
      result.newSegments.add(info.clone());
    }

    if (0 == result.numBadSegments) {
      result.clean = true;
    } else
      msg(infoStream, "WARNING: " + result.numBadSegments + " broken segments (containing " + result.totLoseDocCount + " documents) detected");

    if ( ! (result.validCounter = (result.maxSegmentName < sis.counter))) {
      result.clean = false;
      result.newSegments.counter = result.maxSegmentName + 1; 
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR: Next segment name counter " + sis.counter + " is not greater than max segment name " + result.maxSegmentName);
    }
    
    if (result.clean) {
      msg(infoStream, "No problems were detected with this index.\n");
    }

    msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "Took %.3f sec total.", nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Tests index sort order.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.IndexSortStatus testSort(CodecReader reader, Sort sort, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    // This segment claims its documents are sorted according to the incoming sort ... let's make sure:

    long startNS = System.nanoTime();

    Status.IndexSortStatus status = new Status.IndexSortStatus();

    if (sort != null) {
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: index sort..........");
      }

      SortField fields[] = sort.getSort();
      final int reverseMul[] = new int[fields.length];
      final LeafFieldComparator comparators[] = new LeafFieldComparator[fields.length];

      LeafReaderContext readerContext = new LeafReaderContext(reader);
    
      for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
        reverseMul[i] = fields[i].getReverse() ? -1 : 1;
        comparators[i] = fields[i].getComparator(1, i).getLeafComparator(readerContext);
      }

      int maxDoc = reader.maxDoc();

      try {

        for(int docID=1;docID < maxDoc;docID++) {
      
          int cmp = 0;

          for (int i = 0; i < comparators.length; i++) {
            // TODO: would be better if copy() didnt cause a term lookup in TermOrdVal & co,
            // the segments are always the same here...
            comparators[i].copy(0, docID-1);
            comparators[i].setBottom(0);
            cmp = reverseMul[i] * comparators[i].compareBottom(docID);
            if (cmp != 0) {
              break;
            }
          }

          if (cmp > 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("segment has indexSort=" + sort + " but docID=" + (docID-1) + " sorts after docID=" + docID);
          }
        }
        msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [took %.3f sec]", nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));
      } catch (Throwable e) {
        if (failFast) {
          throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
        }
        msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
        status.error = e;
        if (infoStream != null) {
          e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
        }
      }
    }

    return status;
  }
  
  /**
   * Test live docs.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.LiveDocStatus testLiveDocs(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    final Status.LiveDocStatus status = new Status.LiveDocStatus();
    
    try {
      if (infoStream != null)
        infoStream.print("    test: check live docs.....");
      final int numDocs = reader.numDocs();
      if (reader.hasDeletions()) {
        Bits liveDocs = reader.getLiveDocs();
        if (liveDocs == null) {
          throw new RuntimeException("segment should have deletions, but liveDocs is null");
        } else {
          int numLive = 0;
          for (int j = 0; j < liveDocs.length(); j++) {
            if (liveDocs.get(j)) {
              numLive++;
            }
          }
          if (numLive != numDocs) {
            throw new RuntimeException("liveDocs count mismatch: info=" + numDocs + ", vs bits=" + numLive);
          }
        }
        
        status.numDeleted = reader.numDeletedDocs();
        msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d deleted docs] [took %.3f sec]", status.numDeleted, nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));
      } else {
        Bits liveDocs = reader.getLiveDocs();
        if (liveDocs != null) {
          // it's ok for it to be non-null here, as long as none are set right?
          for (int j = 0; j < liveDocs.length(); j++) {
            if (!liveDocs.get(j)) {
              throw new RuntimeException("liveDocs mismatch: info says no deletions but doc " + j + " is deleted.");
            }
          }
        }
        msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [took %.3f sec]", (nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS))));
      }
      
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }
    
    return status;
  }
  
  /**
   * Test field infos.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.FieldInfoStatus testFieldInfos(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    final Status.FieldInfoStatus status = new Status.FieldInfoStatus();
    
    try {
      // Test Field Infos
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: field infos.........");
      }
      FieldInfos fieldInfos = reader.getFieldInfos();
      for (FieldInfo f : fieldInfos) {
        f.checkConsistency();
      }
      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d fields] [took %.3f sec]", fieldInfos.size(), nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));
      status.totFields = fieldInfos.size();
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }
    
    return status;
  }

  /**
   * Test field norms.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.FieldNormStatus testFieldNorms(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    final Status.FieldNormStatus status = new Status.FieldNormStatus();

    try {
      // Test Field Norms
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: field norms.........");
      }
      NormsProducer normsReader = reader.getNormsReader();
      if (normsReader != null) {
        normsReader = normsReader.getMergeInstance();
      }
      for (FieldInfo info : reader.getFieldInfos()) {
        if (info.hasNorms()) {
          checkNumericDocValues(info.name, normsReader.getNorms(info), normsReader.getNorms(info));
          ++status.totFields;
        }
      }

      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d fields] [took %.3f sec]", status.totFields, nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }

    return status;
  }

  /** Visits all terms in the range minTerm (inclusive) to maxTerm (exclusive), marking all doc IDs encountered into allDocsSeen, and
   *  returning the total number of terms visited. */
  private static long getDocsFromTermRange(String field, int maxDoc, TermsEnum termsEnum, FixedBitSet docsSeen, BytesRef minTerm, BytesRef maxTerm, boolean isIntersect) throws IOException {
    docsSeen.clear(0, docsSeen.length());

    long termCount = 0;
    PostingsEnum postingsEnum = null;
    BytesRefBuilder lastTerm = null;
    while (true) {
      BytesRef term;

      // Kinda messy: for intersect, we must first next(), but for "normal", we are already on our first term:
      if (isIntersect || termCount != 0) {
        term = termsEnum.next();
      } else {
        term = termsEnum.term();
      }

      if (term == null) {
        if (isIntersect == false) {
          throw new RuntimeException("didn't see max term field=" + field + " term=" + maxTerm);
        }
        //System.out.println("      terms=" + termCount);
        return termCount;
      }

      assert term.isValid();
        
      if (lastTerm == null) {
        lastTerm = new BytesRefBuilder();
        lastTerm.copyBytes(term);
      } else {
        if (lastTerm.get().compareTo(term) >= 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("terms out of order: lastTerm=" + lastTerm.get() + " term=" + term);
        }
        lastTerm.copyBytes(term);
      }

      //System.out.println("    term=" + term);

      // Caller already ensured terms enum positioned >= minTerm:
      if (term.compareTo(minTerm) < 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("saw term before min term field=" + field + " term=" + minTerm);
      }

      if (isIntersect == false) {
        int cmp = term.compareTo(maxTerm);
        if (cmp == 0) {
          // Done!
          //System.out.println("      terms=" + termCount);
          return termCount;
        } else if (cmp > 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("didn't see end term field=" + field + " term=" + maxTerm);
        }
      }

      postingsEnum = termsEnum.postings(postingsEnum, 0);

      int lastDoc = -1;
      while (true) {
        int doc = postingsEnum.nextDoc();
        if (doc == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
          break;
        }
        if (doc <= lastDoc) {
          throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + " <= lastDoc " + lastDoc);
        }
        if (doc >= maxDoc) {
          throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + " >= maxDoc " + maxDoc);
        }

        //System.out.println("      doc=" + doc);
        docsSeen.set(doc);

        lastDoc = doc;
      }

      termCount++;
    }
  }

  /** Test Terms.intersect on this range, and validates that it returns the same doc ids as using non-intersect TermsEnum.  Returns true if
   *  any fake terms were seen. */
  private static boolean checkSingleTermRange(String field, int maxDoc, Terms terms, BytesRef minTerm, BytesRef maxTerm, FixedBitSet normalDocs, FixedBitSet intersectDocs) throws IOException {
    //System.out.println("    check minTerm=" + minTerm.utf8ToString() + " maxTerm=" + maxTerm.utf8ToString());
    assert minTerm.compareTo(maxTerm) <= 0;

    TermsEnum termsEnum = terms.iterator();
    TermsEnum.SeekStatus status = termsEnum.seekCeil(minTerm);
    if (status != TermsEnum.SeekStatus.FOUND) {
      throw new RuntimeException("failed to seek to existing term field=" + field + " term=" + minTerm);
    }

    // Do "dumb" iteration to visit all terms in the range:
    long normalTermCount = getDocsFromTermRange(field, maxDoc, termsEnum, normalDocs, minTerm, maxTerm, false);

    // Now do the same operation using intersect:
    long intersectTermCount = getDocsFromTermRange(field, maxDoc, terms.intersect(new CompiledAutomaton(Automata.makeBinaryInterval(minTerm, true, maxTerm, false), true, false, Integer.MAX_VALUE, true), null), intersectDocs, minTerm, maxTerm, true);

    if (intersectTermCount > normalTermCount) {
      throw new RuntimeException("intersect returned too many terms: field=" + field + " intersectTermCount=" + intersectTermCount + " normalTermCount=" + normalTermCount);
    }

    if (normalDocs.equals(intersectDocs) == false) {
      throw new RuntimeException("intersect visited different docs than straight terms enum: " + normalDocs.cardinality() + " for straight enum, vs " + intersectDocs.cardinality() + " for intersect, minTerm=" + minTerm + " maxTerm=" + maxTerm);
    }
    //System.out.println("      docs=" + normalTermCount);
    //System.out.println("    " + intersectTermCount + " vs " + normalTermCount);
    return intersectTermCount != normalTermCount;
  }

  /**
   * checks Fields api is consistent with itself.
   * searcher is optional, to verify with queries. Can be null.
   */
  private static Status.TermIndexStatus checkFields(Fields fields, Bits liveDocs, int maxDoc, FieldInfos fieldInfos,
      NormsProducer normsProducer, boolean doPrint, boolean isVectors, PrintStream infoStream, boolean verbose, boolean doSlowChecks) throws IOException {
    // TODO: we should probably return our own stats thing...?!
    long startNS;
    if (doPrint) {
      startNS = System.nanoTime();
    } else {
      startNS = 0;
    }
    
    final Status.TermIndexStatus status = new Status.TermIndexStatus();
    int computedFieldCount = 0;

    PostingsEnum postings = null;
    
    String lastField = null;
    for (String field : fields) {

      // MultiFieldsEnum relies upon this order...
      if (lastField != null && field.compareTo(lastField) <= 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("fields out of order: lastField=" + lastField + " field=" + field);
      }
      lastField = field;
      
      // check that the field is in fieldinfos, and is indexed.
      // TODO: add a separate test to check this for different reader impls
      FieldInfo fieldInfo = fieldInfos.fieldInfo(field);
      if (fieldInfo == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("fieldsEnum inconsistent with fieldInfos, no fieldInfos for: " + field);
      }
      if (fieldInfo.getIndexOptions() == IndexOptions.NONE) {
        throw new RuntimeException("fieldsEnum inconsistent with fieldInfos, isIndexed == false for: " + field);
      }
      
      // TODO: really the codec should not return a field
      // from FieldsEnum if it has no Terms... but we do
      // this today:
      // assert fields.terms(field) != null;
      computedFieldCount++;
      
      final Terms terms = fields.terms(field);
      if (terms == null) {
        continue;
      }
      
      if (terms.getDocCount() > maxDoc) {
        throw new RuntimeException("docCount > maxDoc for field: " + field + ", docCount=" + terms.getDocCount() + ", maxDoc=" + maxDoc);
      }
      
      final boolean hasFreqs = terms.hasFreqs();
      final boolean hasPositions = terms.hasPositions();
      final boolean hasPayloads = terms.hasPayloads();
      final boolean hasOffsets = terms.hasOffsets();
      
      BytesRef maxTerm;
      BytesRef minTerm;
      if (isVectors) {
        // Term vectors impls can be very slow for getMax
        maxTerm = null;
        minTerm = null;
      } else {
        BytesRef bb = terms.getMin();
        if (bb != null) {
          assert bb.isValid();
          minTerm = BytesRef.deepCopyOf(bb);
        } else {
          minTerm = null;
        }

        bb = terms.getMax();
        if (bb != null) {
          assert bb.isValid();
          maxTerm = BytesRef.deepCopyOf(bb);
          if (minTerm == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" has null minTerm but non-null maxTerm");
          }
        } else {
          maxTerm = null;
          if (minTerm != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" has non-null minTerm but null maxTerm");
          }
        }
      }

      // term vectors cannot omit TF:
      final boolean expectedHasFreqs = (isVectors || fieldInfo.getIndexOptions().compareTo(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS) >= 0);

      if (hasFreqs != expectedHasFreqs) {
        throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" should have hasFreqs=" + expectedHasFreqs + " but got " + hasFreqs);
      }

      if (!isVectors) {
        final boolean expectedHasPositions = fieldInfo.getIndexOptions().compareTo(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS) >= 0;
        if (hasPositions != expectedHasPositions) {
          throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" should have hasPositions=" + expectedHasPositions + " but got " + hasPositions);
        }

        final boolean expectedHasPayloads = fieldInfo.hasPayloads();
        if (hasPayloads != expectedHasPayloads) {
          throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" should have hasPayloads=" + expectedHasPayloads + " but got " + hasPayloads);
        }

        final boolean expectedHasOffsets = fieldInfo.getIndexOptions().compareTo(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS) >= 0;
        if (hasOffsets != expectedHasOffsets) {
          throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" should have hasOffsets=" + expectedHasOffsets + " but got " + hasOffsets);
        }
      }

      final TermsEnum termsEnum = terms.iterator();

      boolean hasOrd = true;
      final long termCountStart = status.delTermCount + status.termCount;
      
      BytesRefBuilder lastTerm = null;
      
      long sumTotalTermFreq = 0;
      long sumDocFreq = 0;
      FixedBitSet visitedDocs = new FixedBitSet(maxDoc);
      while(true) {
        
        final BytesRef term = termsEnum.next();
        if (term == null) {
          break;
        }
        // System.out.println("CI: field=" + field + " check term=" + term + " docFreq=" + termsEnum.docFreq());
        
        assert term.isValid();
        
        // make sure terms arrive in order according to
        // the comp
        if (lastTerm == null) {
          lastTerm = new BytesRefBuilder();
          lastTerm.copyBytes(term);
        } else {
          if (lastTerm.get().compareTo(term) >= 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("terms out of order: lastTerm=" + lastTerm.get() + " term=" + term);
          }
          lastTerm.copyBytes(term);
        }

        if (isVectors == false) {
          if (minTerm == null) {
            // We checked this above:
            assert maxTerm == null;
            throw new RuntimeException("field=\"" + field + "\": invalid term: term=" + term + ", minTerm=" + minTerm);
          }
        
          if (term.compareTo(minTerm) < 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("field=\"" + field + "\": invalid term: term=" + term + ", minTerm=" + minTerm);
          }
        
          if (term.compareTo(maxTerm) > 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("field=\"" + field + "\": invalid term: term=" + term + ", maxTerm=" + maxTerm);
          }
        }
        
        final int docFreq = termsEnum.docFreq();
        if (docFreq <= 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("docfreq: " + docFreq + " is out of bounds");
        }
        sumDocFreq += docFreq;

        postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.ALL);

        if (hasFreqs == false) {
          if (termsEnum.totalTermFreq() != termsEnum.docFreq()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("field \"" + field + "\" hasFreqs is false, but TermsEnum.totalTermFreq()=" + termsEnum.totalTermFreq() + " (should be " + termsEnum.docFreq() + ")");
          }
        }
        
        if (hasOrd) {
          long ord = -1;
          try {
            ord = termsEnum.ord();
          } catch (UnsupportedOperationException uoe) {
            hasOrd = false;
          }
          
          if (hasOrd) {
            final long ordExpected = status.delTermCount + status.termCount - termCountStart;
            if (ord != ordExpected) {
              throw new RuntimeException("ord mismatch: TermsEnum has ord=" + ord + " vs actual=" + ordExpected);
            }
          }
        }
        
        int lastDoc = -1;
        int docCount = 0;
        boolean hasNonDeletedDocs = false;
        long totalTermFreq = 0;
        while(true) {
          final int doc = postings.nextDoc();
          if (doc == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
            break;
          }
          visitedDocs.set(doc);
          int freq = postings.freq();
          if (freq <= 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": freq " + freq + " is out of bounds");
          }
          if (hasFreqs == false) {
            // When a field didn't index freq, it must
            // consistently "lie" and pretend that freq was
            // 1:
            if (postings.freq() != 1) {
              throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": freq " + freq + " != 1 when Terms.hasFreqs() is false");
            }
          }
          totalTermFreq += freq;

          if (liveDocs == null || liveDocs.get(doc)) {
            hasNonDeletedDocs = true;
            status.totFreq++;
            if (freq >= 0) {
              status.totPos += freq;
            }
          }
          docCount++;
          
          if (doc <= lastDoc) {
            throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + " <= lastDoc " + lastDoc);
          }
          if (doc >= maxDoc) {
            throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + " >= maxDoc " + maxDoc);
          }
          
          lastDoc = doc;
          
          int lastPos = -1;
          int lastOffset = 0;
          if (hasPositions) {
            for(int j=0;j<freq;j++) {
              final int pos = postings.nextPosition();

              if (pos < 0) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + " is out of bounds");
              }
              if (pos > IndexWriter.MAX_POSITION) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + " > IndexWriter.MAX_POSITION=" + IndexWriter.MAX_POSITION);
              }
              if (pos < lastPos) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + " < lastPos " + lastPos);
              }
              lastPos = pos;
              BytesRef payload = postings.getPayload();
              if (payload != null) {
                assert payload.isValid();
              }
              if (payload != null && payload.length < 1) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + " payload length is out of bounds " + payload.length);
              }
              if (hasOffsets) {
                int startOffset = postings.startOffset();
                int endOffset = postings.endOffset();
                if (startOffset < 0) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + ": startOffset " + startOffset + " is out of bounds");
                }
                if (startOffset < lastOffset) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + ": startOffset " + startOffset + " < lastStartOffset " + lastOffset + "; consider using the FixBrokenOffsets tool in Lucene's backward-codecs module to correct your index");
                }
                if (endOffset < 0) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + ": endOffset " + endOffset + " is out of bounds");
                }
                if (endOffset < startOffset) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + doc + ": pos " + pos + ": endOffset " + endOffset + " < startOffset " + startOffset);
                }
                lastOffset = startOffset;
              }
            }
          }
        }
        
        if (hasNonDeletedDocs) {
          status.termCount++;
        } else {
          status.delTermCount++;
        }
        
        final long totalTermFreq2 = termsEnum.totalTermFreq();
        
        if (docCount != docFreq) {
          throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + " docFreq=" + docFreq + " != tot docs w/o deletions " + docCount);
        }
        if (docFreq > terms.getDocCount()) {
          throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + " docFreq=" + docFreq + " > docCount=" + terms.getDocCount());
        }
        if (totalTermFreq2 <= 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("totalTermFreq: " + totalTermFreq2 + " is out of bounds");
        }
        sumTotalTermFreq += totalTermFreq;
        if (totalTermFreq != totalTermFreq2) {
          throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + " totalTermFreq=" + totalTermFreq2 + " != recomputed totalTermFreq=" + totalTermFreq);
        }
        if (totalTermFreq2 < docFreq) {
          throw new RuntimeException("totalTermFreq: " + totalTermFreq2 + " is out of bounds, docFreq=" + docFreq);
        }
        if (hasFreqs == false && totalTermFreq != docFreq) {
          throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + " totalTermFreq=" + totalTermFreq + " !=  docFreq=" + docFreq);
        }
        
        // Test skipping
        if (hasPositions) {
          for(int idx=0;idx<7;idx++) {
            final int skipDocID = (int) (((idx+1)*(long) maxDoc)/8);
            postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.ALL);
            final int docID = postings.advance(skipDocID);
            if (docID == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
              break;
            } else {
              if (docID < skipDocID) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": advance(docID=" + skipDocID + ") returned docID=" + docID);
              }
              final int freq = postings.freq();
              if (freq <= 0) {
                throw new RuntimeException("termFreq " + freq + " is out of bounds");
              }
              int lastPosition = -1;
              int lastOffset = 0;
              for(int posUpto=0;posUpto<freq;posUpto++) {
                final int pos = postings.nextPosition();

                if (pos < 0) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("position " + pos + " is out of bounds");
                }
                if (pos < lastPosition) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("position " + pos + " is < lastPosition " + lastPosition);
                }
                lastPosition = pos;
                if (hasOffsets) {
                  int startOffset = postings.startOffset();
                  int endOffset = postings.endOffset();
                  // NOTE: we cannot enforce any bounds whatsoever on vectors... they were a free-for-all before?
                  // but for offsets in the postings lists these checks are fine: they were always enforced by IndexWriter
                  if (!isVectors) {
                    if (startOffset < 0) {
                      throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + docID + ": pos " + pos + ": startOffset " + startOffset + " is out of bounds");
                    }
                    if (startOffset < lastOffset) {
                      throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + docID + ": pos " + pos + ": startOffset " + startOffset + " < lastStartOffset " + lastOffset);
                    }
                    if (endOffset < 0) {
                      throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + docID + ": pos " + pos + ": endOffset " + endOffset + " is out of bounds");
                    }
                    if (endOffset < startOffset) {
                      throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": doc " + docID + ": pos " + pos + ": endOffset " + endOffset + " < startOffset " + startOffset);
                    }
                  }
                  lastOffset = startOffset;
                }
              } 
              
              final int nextDocID = postings.nextDoc();
              if (nextDocID == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
                break;
              }
              if (nextDocID <= docID) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": advance(docID=" + skipDocID + "), then .next() returned docID=" + nextDocID + " vs prev docID=" + docID);
              }
            }

            if (isVectors) {
              // Only 1 doc in the postings for term vectors, so we only test 1 advance:
              break;
            }
          }
        } else {
          for(int idx=0;idx<7;idx++) {
            final int skipDocID = (int) (((idx+1)*(long) maxDoc)/8);
            postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.NONE);
            final int docID = postings.advance(skipDocID);
            if (docID == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
              break;
            } else {
              if (docID < skipDocID) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": advance(docID=" + skipDocID + ") returned docID=" + docID);
              }
              final int nextDocID = postings.nextDoc();
              if (nextDocID == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
                break;
              }
              if (nextDocID <= docID) {
                throw new RuntimeException("term " + term + ": advance(docID=" + skipDocID + "), then .next() returned docID=" + nextDocID + " vs prev docID=" + docID);
              }
            }
            if (isVectors) {
              // Only 1 doc in the postings for term vectors, so we only test 1 advance:
              break;
            }
          }
        }

        // Checking score blocks is heavy, we only do it on long postings lists, on every 1024th term
        // or if slow checks are enabled.
        if (doSlowChecks || docFreq > 1024 || (status.termCount + status.delTermCount) % 1024 == 0) {
          // First check max scores and block uptos
          // But only if slok checks are enabled since we visit all docs
          if (doSlowChecks) {
            int max = -1;
            int maxFreq = 0;
            ImpactsEnum impactsEnum = termsEnum.impacts(PostingsEnum.FREQS);
            postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.FREQS);
            for (int doc = impactsEnum.nextDoc(); ; doc = impactsEnum.nextDoc()) {
              if (postings.nextDoc() != doc) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Wrong next doc: " + doc + ", expected " + postings.docID());
              }
              if (doc == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
                break;
              }
              if (postings.freq() != impactsEnum.freq()) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Wrong freq, expected " + postings.freq() + ", but got " + impactsEnum.freq());
              }
              if (doc > max) {
                impactsEnum.advanceShallow(doc);
                Impacts impacts = impactsEnum.getImpacts();
                checkImpacts(impacts, doc);
                max = impacts.getDocIdUpTo(0);
                List<Impact> impacts0 = impacts.getImpacts(0);
                maxFreq = impacts0.get(impacts0.size() - 1).freq;
              }
              if (impactsEnum.freq() > maxFreq) {
                throw new RuntimeException("freq " + impactsEnum.freq() + " is greater than the max freq according to impacts " + maxFreq);
              }
            }
          }

          // Now check advancing
          ImpactsEnum impactsEnum = termsEnum.impacts(PostingsEnum.FREQS);
          postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.FREQS);

          int max = -1;
          int maxFreq = 0;
          while (true) {
            int doc = impactsEnum.docID();
            boolean advance;
            int target;
            if (((field.hashCode() + doc) & 1) == 1) {
              advance = false;
              target = doc + 1;
            } else {
              advance = true;
              int delta = Math.min(1 + ((31 * field.hashCode() + doc) & 0x1ff), DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS - doc);
              target = impactsEnum.docID() + delta;
            }

            if (target > max && target % 2 == 1) {
              int delta = Math.min((31 * field.hashCode() + target) & 0x1ff, DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS - target);
              max = target + delta;
              impactsEnum.advanceShallow(target);
              Impacts impacts = impactsEnum.getImpacts();
              checkImpacts(impacts, doc);
              maxFreq = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
              for (int level = 0; level < impacts.numLevels(); ++level) {
                if (impacts.getDocIdUpTo(level) >= max) {
                  List<Impact> perLevelImpacts = impacts.getImpacts(level);
                  maxFreq = perLevelImpacts.get(perLevelImpacts.size() - 1).freq;
                  break;
                }
              }
            }

            if (advance) {
              doc = impactsEnum.advance(target);
            } else {
              doc = impactsEnum.nextDoc();
            }

            if (postings.advance(target) != doc) {
              throw new RuntimeException("Impacts do not advance to the same document as postings for target " + target + ", postings: " + postings.docID() + ", impacts: " + doc);
            }
            if (doc == DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
              break;
            }
            if (postings.freq() != impactsEnum.freq()) {
              throw new RuntimeException("Wrong freq, expected " + postings.freq() + ", but got " + impactsEnum.freq());
            }
  
            if (doc >= max) {
              int delta = Math.min((31 * field.hashCode() + target & 0x1ff), DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS - doc);
              max = doc + delta;
              impactsEnum.advanceShallow(doc);
              Impacts impacts = impactsEnum.getImpacts();
              checkImpacts(impacts, doc);
              maxFreq = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
              for (int level = 0; level < impacts.numLevels(); ++level) {
                if (impacts.getDocIdUpTo(level) >= max) {
                  List<Impact> perLevelImpacts = impacts.getImpacts(level);
                  maxFreq = perLevelImpacts.get(perLevelImpacts.size() - 1).freq;
                  break;
                }
              }
            }

            if (impactsEnum.freq() > maxFreq) {
              throw new RuntimeException("Term frequency " + impactsEnum.freq() + " is greater than the max freq according to impacts " + maxFreq);
            }
          }
        }
      }

      if (minTerm != null && status.termCount + status.delTermCount == 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("field=\"" + field + "\": minTerm is non-null yet we saw no terms: " + minTerm);
      }

      final Terms fieldTerms = fields.terms(field);
      if (fieldTerms == null) {
        // Unusual: the FieldsEnum returned a field but
        // the Terms for that field is null; this should
        // only happen if it's a ghost field (field with
        // no terms, eg there used to be terms but all
        // docs got deleted and then merged away):
        
      } else {

        long fieldTermCount = (status.delTermCount+status.termCount)-termCountStart;

        final Object stats = fieldTerms.getStats();
        assert stats != null;
        if (status.blockTreeStats == null) {
          status.blockTreeStats = new HashMap<>();
        }
        status.blockTreeStats.put(field, stats);

        final long actualSumDocFreq = fields.terms(field).getSumDocFreq();
        if (sumDocFreq != actualSumDocFreq) {
          throw new RuntimeException("sumDocFreq for field " + field + "=" + actualSumDocFreq + " != recomputed sumDocFreq=" + sumDocFreq);
        }

        final long actualSumTotalTermFreq = fields.terms(field).getSumTotalTermFreq();
        if (sumTotalTermFreq != actualSumTotalTermFreq) {
          throw new RuntimeException("sumTotalTermFreq for field " + field + "=" + actualSumTotalTermFreq + " != recomputed sumTotalTermFreq=" + sumTotalTermFreq);
        } 
        
        if (hasFreqs == false && sumTotalTermFreq != sumDocFreq) {
          throw new RuntimeException("sumTotalTermFreq for field " + field + " should be " + sumDocFreq + ", got sumTotalTermFreq=" + sumTotalTermFreq);
        }
        
        final int v = fieldTerms.getDocCount();
        if (visitedDocs.cardinality() != v) {
          throw new RuntimeException("docCount for field " + field + "=" + v + " != recomputed docCount=" + visitedDocs.cardinality());
        }

        if (fieldInfo.hasNorms() && isVectors == false) {
          final NumericDocValues norms = normsProducer.getNorms(fieldInfo);
          // Cross-check terms with norms
          for (int doc = norms.nextDoc(); doc != DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS; doc = norms.nextDoc()) {
            if (liveDocs != null && liveDocs.get(doc) == false) {
              // Norms may only be out of sync with terms on deleted documents.
              // This happens when a document fails indexing and in that case it
              // should be immediately marked as deleted by the IndexWriter.
              continue;
            }
            final long norm = norms.longValue();
            if (norm != 0 && visitedDocs.get(doc) == false) {
              throw new RuntimeException("Document " + doc + " doesn't have terms according to postings but has a norm value that is not zero: " + norm);
            } else if (norm == 0 && visitedDocs.get(doc)) {
              throw new RuntimeException("Document " + doc + " has terms according to postings but its norm value is 0, which may only be used on documents that have no terms");
            }
          }
        }

        // Test seek to last term:
        if (lastTerm != null) {
          if (termsEnum.seekCeil(lastTerm.get()) != TermsEnum.SeekStatus.FOUND) { 
            throw new RuntimeException("seek to last term " + lastTerm.get() + " failed");
          }
          if (termsEnum.term().equals(lastTerm.get()) == false) {
            throw new RuntimeException("seek to last term " + lastTerm.get() + " returned FOUND but seeked to the wrong term " + termsEnum.term());
          }
          
          int expectedDocFreq = termsEnum.docFreq();
          PostingsEnum d = termsEnum.postings(null, PostingsEnum.NONE);
          int docFreq = 0;
          while (d.nextDoc() != DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
            docFreq++;
          }
          if (docFreq != expectedDocFreq) {
            throw new RuntimeException("docFreq for last term " + lastTerm.get() + "=" + expectedDocFreq + " != recomputed docFreq=" + docFreq);
          }
        }
        
        // check unique term count
        long termCount = -1;
        
        if (fieldTermCount > 0) {
          termCount = fields.terms(field).size();
          
          if (termCount != -1 && termCount != fieldTermCount) {
            throw new RuntimeException("termCount mismatch " + termCount + " vs " + fieldTermCount);
          }
        }

        // Test seeking by ord
        if (hasOrd && status.termCount-termCountStart > 0) {
          int seekCount = (int) Math.min(10000L, termCount);
          if (seekCount > 0) {
            BytesRef[] seekTerms = new BytesRef[seekCount];
            
            // Seek by ord
            for(int i=seekCount-1;i>=0;i--) {
              long ord = i*(termCount/seekCount);
              termsEnum.seekExact(ord);
              long actualOrd = termsEnum.ord();
              if (actualOrd != ord) {
                throw new RuntimeException("seek to ord " + ord + " returned ord " + actualOrd);
              }
              seekTerms[i] = BytesRef.deepCopyOf(termsEnum.term());
            }
            
            // Seek by term
            for(int i=seekCount-1;i>=0;i--) {
              if (termsEnum.seekCeil(seekTerms[i]) != TermsEnum.SeekStatus.FOUND) {
                throw new RuntimeException("seek to existing term " + seekTerms[i] + " failed");
              }
              if (termsEnum.term().equals(seekTerms[i]) == false) {
                throw new RuntimeException("seek to existing term " + seekTerms[i] + " returned FOUND but seeked to the wrong term " + termsEnum.term());
              }
              
              postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.NONE);
              if (postings == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("null DocsEnum from to existing term " + seekTerms[i]);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    int fieldCount = fields.size();
    
    if (fieldCount != -1) {
      if (fieldCount < 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("invalid fieldCount: " + fieldCount);
      }
      if (fieldCount != computedFieldCount) {
        throw new RuntimeException("fieldCount mismatch " + fieldCount + " vs recomputed field count " + computedFieldCount);
      }
    }

    if (doPrint) {
      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d terms; %d terms/docs pairs; %d tokens] [took %.3f sec]",
                                    status.termCount, status.totFreq, status.totPos, nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));
    }
    
    if (verbose && status.blockTreeStats != null && infoStream != null && status.termCount > 0) {
      for(Map.Entry<String, Object> ent : status.blockTreeStats.entrySet()) {
        infoStream.println("      field \"" + ent.getKey() + "\":");
        infoStream.println("      " + ent.getValue().toString().replace("\n", "\n      "));
      }
    }
    
    return status;
  }

  static void checkImpacts(Impacts impacts, int lastTarget) {
    final int numLevels = impacts.numLevels();
    if (numLevels < 1) {
      throw new RuntimeException("The number of levels must be >= 1, got " + numLevels);
    }

    int docIdUpTo0 = impacts.getDocIdUpTo(0);
    if (docIdUpTo0 < lastTarget) {
      throw new RuntimeException("getDocIdUpTo returned " + docIdUpTo0 + " on level 0, which is less than the target " + lastTarget);
    }

    for (int level = 1; level < numLevels; ++level) {
      int docIdUpTo = impacts.getDocIdUpTo(level);
      int previousDocIdUpTo = impacts.getDocIdUpTo(level - 1);
      if (docIdUpTo < previousDocIdUpTo) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Decreasing return for getDocIdUpTo: level " + (level-1) + " returned " + previousDocIdUpTo
            + " but level " + level + " returned " + docIdUpTo + " for target " + lastTarget);
      }
    }

    for (int level = 0; level < numLevels; ++level) {
      List<Impact> perLevelImpacts = impacts.getImpacts(level);
      if (perLevelImpacts.isEmpty()) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Got empty list of impacts on level " + level);
      }
      Impact first = perLevelImpacts.get(0);
      if (first.freq < 1) {
        throw new RuntimeException("First impact had a freq <= 0: " + first);
      }
      if (first.norm == 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("First impact had a norm == 0: " + first);
      }
      // Impacts must be in increasing order of norm AND freq
      Impact previous = first;
      for (int i = 1; i < perLevelImpacts.size(); ++i) {
        Impact impact = perLevelImpacts.get(i);
        if (impact.freq <= previous.freq || Long.compareUnsigned(impact.norm, previous.norm) <= 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("Impacts are not ordered or contain dups, got " + previous + " then " + impact);
        }
      }
      if (level > 0) {
        // Make sure that impacts at level N trigger better scores than an level N-1
        Iterator<Impact> previousIt = impacts.getImpacts(level-1).iterator();
        previous = previousIt.next();
        Iterator<Impact> it = perLevelImpacts.iterator();
        Impact impact = it.next();
        while (previousIt.hasNext()) {
          previous = previousIt.next();
          if (previous.freq <= impact.freq && Long.compareUnsigned(previous.norm, impact.norm) >= 0) {
            // previous triggers a lower score than the current impact, all good
            continue;
          }
          if (it.hasNext() == false) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Found impact " + previous + " on level " + (level-1) + " but no impact on level "
                + level + " triggers a better score: " + perLevelImpacts);
          }
          impact = it.next();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Test the term index.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.TermIndexStatus testPostings(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream) throws IOException {
    return testPostings(reader, infoStream, false, true, false);
  }
  
  /**
   * Test the term index.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.TermIndexStatus testPostings(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean verbose, boolean doSlowChecks, boolean failFast) throws IOException {

    // TODO: we should go and verify term vectors match, if
    // doSlowChecks is on...

    Status.TermIndexStatus status;
    final int maxDoc = reader.maxDoc();

    try {
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: terms, freq, prox...");
      }

      final Fields fields = reader.getPostingsReader().getMergeInstance();
      final FieldInfos fieldInfos = reader.getFieldInfos();
      NormsProducer normsProducer = reader.getNormsReader();
      if (normsProducer != null) {
        normsProducer = normsProducer.getMergeInstance();
      }
      status = checkFields(fields, reader.getLiveDocs(), maxDoc, fieldInfos, normsProducer, true, false, infoStream, verbose, doSlowChecks);
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR: " + e);
      status = new Status.TermIndexStatus();
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }

    return status;
  }

  /**
   * Test the points index
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.PointsStatus testPoints(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    if (infoStream != null) {
      infoStream.print("    test: points..............");
    }
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    FieldInfos fieldInfos = reader.getFieldInfos();
    Status.PointsStatus status = new Status.PointsStatus();
    try {

      if (fieldInfos.hasPointValues()) {
        PointsReader pointsReader = reader.getPointsReader();
        if (pointsReader == null) {
          throw new RuntimeException("there are fields with points, but reader.getPointsReader() is null");
        }
        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldInfos) {
          if (fieldInfo.getPointDataDimensionCount() > 0) {
            PointValues values = pointsReader.getValues(fieldInfo.name);
            if (values == null) {
              continue;
            }

            status.totalValueFields++;

            long size = values.size();
            int docCount = values.getDocCount();

            final long crossCost = values.estimatePointCount(new ConstantRelationIntersectVisitor(Relation.CELL_CROSSES_QUERY));
            if (crossCost < size / 2) {
              throw new RuntimeException("estimatePointCount should return >= size/2 when all cells match");
            }
            final long insideCost = values.estimatePointCount(new ConstantRelationIntersectVisitor(Relation.CELL_INSIDE_QUERY));
            if (insideCost < size) {
              throw new RuntimeException("estimatePointCount should return >= size when all cells fully match");
            }
            final long outsideCost = values.estimatePointCount(new ConstantRelationIntersectVisitor(Relation.CELL_OUTSIDE_QUERY));
            if (outsideCost != 0) {
              throw new RuntimeException("estimatePointCount should return 0 when no cells match");
            }

            VerifyPointsVisitor visitor = new VerifyPointsVisitor(fieldInfo.name, reader.maxDoc(), values);
            values.intersect(visitor);

            if (visitor.getPointCountSeen() != size) {
              throw new RuntimeException("point values for field \"" + fieldInfo.name + "\" claims to have size=" + size + " points, but in fact has " + visitor.getPointCountSeen());
            }

            if (visitor.getDocCountSeen() != docCount) {
              throw new RuntimeException("point values for field \"" + fieldInfo.name + "\" claims to have docCount=" + docCount + " but in fact has " + visitor.getDocCountSeen());
            }

            status.totalValuePoints += visitor.getPointCountSeen();
          }
        }
      }

      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d fields, %d points] [took %.3f sec]", status.totalValueFields, status.totalValuePoints, nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));

    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR: " + e);
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }

    return status;
  }

  /** Walks the entire N-dimensional points space, verifying that all points fall within the last cell's boundaries.
   *
   * @lucene.internal */
  public static class VerifyPointsVisitor implements PointValues.IntersectVisitor {
    private long pointCountSeen;
    private int lastDocID = -1;
    private final int maxDoc;
    private final FixedBitSet docsSeen;
    private final byte[] lastMinPackedValue;
    private final byte[] lastMaxPackedValue;
    private final byte[] lastPackedValue;
    private final byte[] globalMinPackedValue;
    private final byte[] globalMaxPackedValue;
    private final int packedBytesCount;
    private final int packedIndexBytesCount;
    private final int numDataDims;
    private final int numIndexDims;
    private final int bytesPerDim;
    private final String fieldName;

    /** Sole constructor */
    public VerifyPointsVisitor(String fieldName, int maxDoc, PointValues values) throws IOException {
      this.maxDoc = maxDoc;
      this.fieldName = fieldName;
      numDataDims = values.getNumDataDimensions();
      numIndexDims = values.getNumIndexDimensions();
      bytesPerDim = values.getBytesPerDimension();
      packedBytesCount = numDataDims * bytesPerDim;
      packedIndexBytesCount = numIndexDims * bytesPerDim;
      globalMinPackedValue = values.getMinPackedValue();
      globalMaxPackedValue = values.getMaxPackedValue();
      docsSeen = new FixedBitSet(maxDoc);
      lastMinPackedValue = new byte[packedIndexBytesCount];
      lastMaxPackedValue = new byte[packedIndexBytesCount];
      lastPackedValue = new byte[packedBytesCount];

      if (values.getDocCount() > values.size()) {
        throw new RuntimeException("point values for field \"" + fieldName + "\" claims to have size=" + values.size() + " points and inconsistent docCount=" + values.getDocCount());
      }

      if (values.getDocCount() > maxDoc) {
        throw new RuntimeException("point values for field \"" + fieldName + "\" claims to have docCount=" + values.getDocCount() + " but that's greater than maxDoc=" + maxDoc);
      }

      if (globalMinPackedValue == null) {
        if (values.size() != 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("getMinPackedValue is null points for field \"" + fieldName + "\" yet size=" + values.size());
        }
      } else if (globalMinPackedValue.length != packedIndexBytesCount) {
        throw new RuntimeException("getMinPackedValue for field \"" + fieldName + "\" return length=" + globalMinPackedValue.length + " array, but should be " + packedBytesCount);
      }
      if (globalMaxPackedValue == null) {
        if (values.size() != 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("getMaxPackedValue is null points for field \"" + fieldName + "\" yet size=" + values.size());
        }
      } else if (globalMaxPackedValue.length != packedIndexBytesCount) {
        throw new RuntimeException("getMaxPackedValue for field \"" + fieldName + "\" return length=" + globalMaxPackedValue.length + " array, but should be " + packedBytesCount);
      }
    }

    /** Returns total number of points in this BKD tree */
    public long getPointCountSeen() {
      return pointCountSeen;
    }

    /** Returns total number of unique docIDs in this BKD tree */
    public long getDocCountSeen() {
      return docsSeen.cardinality();
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(int docID) {
      throw new RuntimeException("codec called IntersectVisitor.visit without a packed value for docID=" + docID);
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(int docID, byte[] packedValue) {
      checkPackedValue("packed value", packedValue, docID);
      pointCountSeen++;
      docsSeen.set(docID);

      for(int dim=0;dim<numIndexDims;dim++) {
        int offset = bytesPerDim * dim;

        // Compare to last cell:
        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(packedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, lastMinPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) < 0) {
          // This doc's point, in this dimension, is lower than the minimum value of the last cell checked:
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points value " + Arrays.toString(packedValue) + " for field=\"" + fieldName + "\", docID=" + docID + " is out-of-bounds of the last cell min=" + Arrays.toString(lastMinPackedValue) + " max=" + Arrays.toString(lastMaxPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim);
        }

        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(packedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, lastMaxPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) > 0) {
          // This doc's point, in this dimension, is greater than the maximum value of the last cell checked:
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points value " + Arrays.toString(packedValue) + " for field=\"" + fieldName + "\", docID=" + docID + " is out-of-bounds of the last cell min=" + Arrays.toString(lastMinPackedValue) + " max=" + Arrays.toString(lastMaxPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim);
        }
      }

      // In the 1D data case, PointValues must make a single in-order sweep through all values, and tie-break by
      // increasing docID:
      // for data dimension > 1, leaves are sorted by the dimension with the lowest cardinality to improve block compression
      if (numDataDims == 1) {
        int cmp = FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(lastPackedValue, 0, bytesPerDim, packedValue, 0, bytesPerDim);
        if (cmp > 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points value " + Arrays.toString(packedValue) + " for field=\"" + fieldName + "\", for docID=" + docID + " is out-of-order vs the previous document's value " + Arrays.toString(lastPackedValue));
        } else if (cmp == 0) {
          if (docID < lastDocID) {
            throw new RuntimeException("packed points value is the same, but docID=" + docID + " is out of order vs previous docID=" + lastDocID + ", field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
          }
        }
        System.arraycopy(packedValue, 0, lastPackedValue, 0, bytesPerDim);
        lastDocID = docID;
      }
    }

    @Override
    public PointValues.Relation compare(byte[] minPackedValue, byte[] maxPackedValue) {
      checkPackedValue("min packed value", minPackedValue, -1);
      System.arraycopy(minPackedValue, 0, lastMinPackedValue, 0, packedIndexBytesCount);
      checkPackedValue("max packed value", maxPackedValue, -1);
      System.arraycopy(maxPackedValue, 0, lastMaxPackedValue, 0, packedIndexBytesCount);

      for(int dim=0;dim<numIndexDims;dim++) {
        int offset = bytesPerDim * dim;

        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(minPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, maxPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) > 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points cell minPackedValue " + Arrays.toString(minPackedValue) +
                                     " is out-of-bounds of the cell's maxPackedValue " + Arrays.toString(maxPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
        }

        // Make sure this cell is not outside of the global min/max:
        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(minPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, globalMinPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) < 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points cell minPackedValue " + Arrays.toString(minPackedValue) +
                                     " is out-of-bounds of the global minimum " + Arrays.toString(globalMinPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
        }

        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(maxPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, globalMinPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) < 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points cell maxPackedValue " + Arrays.toString(maxPackedValue) +
                                     " is out-of-bounds of the global minimum " + Arrays.toString(globalMinPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
        }

        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(minPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, globalMaxPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) > 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points cell minPackedValue " + Arrays.toString(minPackedValue) +
                                     " is out-of-bounds of the global maximum " + Arrays.toString(globalMaxPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
        }
        if (FutureArrays.compareUnsigned(maxPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim, globalMaxPackedValue, offset, offset + bytesPerDim) > 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("packed points cell maxPackedValue " + Arrays.toString(maxPackedValue) +
                                     " is out-of-bounds of the global maximum " + Arrays.toString(globalMaxPackedValue) + " dim=" + dim + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
        }
      }                                   

      // We always pretend the query shape is so complex that it crosses every cell, so
      // that packedValue is passed for every document
      return PointValues.Relation.CELL_CROSSES_QUERY;
    }

    private void checkPackedValue(String desc, byte[] packedValue, int docID) {
      if (packedValue == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException(desc + " is null for docID=" + docID + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
      }

      if (packedValue.length != (docID < 0 ? packedIndexBytesCount : packedBytesCount)) {
        throw new RuntimeException(desc + " has incorrect length=" + packedValue.length + " vs expected=" + packedIndexBytesCount + " for docID=" + docID + " field=\"" + fieldName + "\"");
      }
    }
  }

  private static class ConstantRelationIntersectVisitor implements IntersectVisitor {
    private final Relation relation;

    ConstantRelationIntersectVisitor(Relation relation) {
      this.relation = relation;
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(int docID) throws IOException {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(int docID, byte[] packedValue) throws IOException {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Relation compare(byte[] minPackedValue, byte[] maxPackedValue) {
      return relation;
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Test stored fields.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.StoredFieldStatus testStoredFields(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    final Status.StoredFieldStatus status = new Status.StoredFieldStatus();

    try {
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: stored fields.......");
      }

      // Scan stored fields for all documents
      final Bits liveDocs = reader.getLiveDocs();
      StoredFieldsReader storedFields = reader.getFieldsReader().getMergeInstance();
      for (int j = 0; j < reader.maxDoc(); ++j) {
        // Intentionally pull even deleted documents to
        // make sure they too are not corrupt:
        DocumentStoredFieldVisitor visitor = new DocumentStoredFieldVisitor();
        storedFields.visitDocument(j, visitor);
        Document doc = visitor.getDocument();
        if (liveDocs == null || liveDocs.get(j)) {
          status.docCount++;
          status.totFields += doc.getFields().size();
        }
      }      

      // Validate docCount
      if (status.docCount != reader.numDocs()) {
        throw new RuntimeException("docCount=" + status.docCount + " but saw " + status.docCount + " undeleted docs");
      }

      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d total field count; avg %.1f fields per doc] [took %.3f sec]",
                                    status.totFields,
                                    (((float) status.totFields)/status.docCount),
                                    nsToSec(System.nanoTime() - startNS)));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }

    return status;
  }
  
  /**
   * Test docvalues.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.DocValuesStatus testDocValues(CodecReader reader,
                                                     PrintStream infoStream,
                                                     boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    final Status.DocValuesStatus status = new Status.DocValuesStatus();
    try {
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: docvalues...........");
      }
      DocValuesProducer dvReader = reader.getDocValuesReader();
      if (dvReader != null) {
        dvReader = dvReader.getMergeInstance();
      }
      for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : reader.getFieldInfos()) {
        if (fieldInfo.getDocValuesType() != DocValuesType.NONE) {
          status.totalValueFields++;
          checkDocValues(fieldInfo, dvReader, reader.maxDoc(), infoStream, status);
        }
      }

      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT,
                                    "OK [%d docvalues fields; %d BINARY; %d NUMERIC; %d SORTED; %d SORTED_NUMERIC; %d SORTED_SET] [took %.3f sec]",
                                    status.totalValueFields,
                                    status.totalBinaryFields,
                                    status.totalNumericFields,
                                    status.totalSortedFields,
                                    status.totalSortedNumericFields,
                                    status.totalSortedSetFields,
                                    nsToSec(System.nanoTime()-startNS)));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }
    return status;
  }

  @FunctionalInterface
  private static interface DocValuesIteratorSupplier {
    DocValuesIterator get(FieldInfo fi) throws IOException;
  }

  private static void checkDVIterator(FieldInfo fi, int maxDoc, DocValuesIteratorSupplier producer) throws IOException {
    String field = fi.name;

    // Check advance
    DocValuesIterator it1 = producer.get(fi);
    DocValuesIterator it2 = producer.get(fi);
    int i = 0;
    for (int doc = it1.nextDoc(); ; doc = it1.nextDoc()) {

      if (i++ % 10 == 1) {
        int doc2 = it2.advance(doc - 1);
        if (doc2 < doc - 1) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + (doc-1) + " went backwords (got: " + doc2 + ")");
        }
        if (doc2 == doc - 1) {
          doc2 = it2.nextDoc();
        }
        if (doc2 != doc) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + doc + " was not found through advance() (got: " + doc2 + ")");
        }
        if (it2.docID() != doc) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + doc + " reports wrong doc ID (got: " + it2.docID() + ")");
        }
      }

      if (doc == NO_MORE_DOCS) {
        break;
      }
    }

    // Check advanceExact
    it1 = producer.get(fi);
    it2 = producer.get(fi);
    i = 0;
    int lastDoc = -1;
    for (int doc = it1.nextDoc(); doc != NO_MORE_DOCS ; doc = it1.nextDoc()) {

      if (i++ % 13 == 1) {
        boolean found = it2.advanceExact(doc - 1);
        if ((doc - 1 == lastDoc) != found) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + (doc-1) + " disagrees about whether document exists (got: " + found + ")");
        }
        if (it2.docID() != doc - 1) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + (doc-1) + " reports wrong doc ID (got: " + it2.docID() + ")");
        }
        
        boolean found2 = it2.advanceExact(doc - 1);
        if (found != found2) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + (doc-1) + " has unstable advanceExact");
        }

        if (i % 2 == 0) {
          int doc2 = it2.nextDoc();
          if (doc != doc2) {
            throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + doc + " was not found through advance() (got: " + doc2 + ")");
          }
          if (it2.docID() != doc) {
            throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator field=" + field + ": doc=" + doc + " reports wrong doc ID (got: " + it2.docID() + ")");
          }
        }
      }

      lastDoc = doc;
    }
  }

  private static void checkBinaryDocValues(String fieldName, int maxDoc, BinaryDocValues bdv, BinaryDocValues bdv2) throws IOException {
    if (bdv.docID() != -1) {
      throw new RuntimeException("binary dv iterator for field: " + fieldName + " should start at docID=-1, but got " + bdv.docID());
    }
    // TODO: we could add stats to DVs, e.g. total doc count w/ a value for this field
    for (int doc = bdv.nextDoc(); doc != NO_MORE_DOCS; doc = bdv.nextDoc()) {
      BytesRef value = bdv.binaryValue();
      value.isValid();

      if (bdv2.advanceExact(doc) == false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact did not find matching doc ID: " + doc);
      }
      BytesRef value2 = bdv2.binaryValue();
      if (value.equals(value2) == false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("nextDoc and advanceExact report different values: " + value + " != " + value2);
      }
    }
  }

  private static void checkSortedDocValues(String fieldName, int maxDoc, SortedDocValues dv, SortedDocValues dv2) throws IOException {
    if (dv.docID() != -1) {
      throw new RuntimeException("sorted dv iterator for field: " + fieldName + " should start at docID=-1, but got " + dv.docID());
    }
    final int maxOrd = dv.getValueCount()-1;
    FixedBitSet seenOrds = new FixedBitSet(dv.getValueCount());
    int maxOrd2 = -1;
    for (int doc = dv.nextDoc(); doc != NO_MORE_DOCS; doc = dv.nextDoc()) {
      int ord = dv.ordValue();
      if (ord == -1) {
        throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " has -1 ord");
      } else if (ord < -1 || ord > maxOrd) {
        throw new RuntimeException("ord out of bounds: " + ord);
      } else {
        maxOrd2 = Math.max(maxOrd2, ord);
        seenOrds.set(ord);
      }

      if (dv2.advanceExact(doc) == false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact did not find matching doc ID: " + doc);
      }
      int ord2 = dv2.ordValue();
      if (ord != ord2) {
        throw new RuntimeException("nextDoc and advanceExact report different ords: " + ord + " != " + ord2);
      }
    }
    if (maxOrd != maxOrd2) {
      throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " reports wrong maxOrd=" + maxOrd + " but this is not the case: " + maxOrd2);
    }
    if (seenOrds.cardinality() != dv.getValueCount()) {
      throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " has holes in its ords, valueCount=" + dv.getValueCount() + " but only used: " + seenOrds.cardinality());
    }
    BytesRef lastValue = null;
    for (int i = 0; i <= maxOrd; i++) {
      final BytesRef term = dv.lookupOrd(i);
      term.isValid();
      if (lastValue != null) {
        if (term.compareTo(lastValue) <= 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " has ords out of order: " + lastValue + " >=" + term);
        }
      }
      lastValue = BytesRef.deepCopyOf(term);
    }
  }
  
  private static void checkSortedSetDocValues(String fieldName, int maxDoc, SortedSetDocValues dv, SortedSetDocValues dv2) throws IOException {
    final long maxOrd = dv.getValueCount()-1;
    LongBitSet seenOrds = new LongBitSet(dv.getValueCount());
    long maxOrd2 = -1;
    for (int docID = dv.nextDoc(); docID != NO_MORE_DOCS; docID = dv.nextDoc()) {
      if (dv2.advanceExact(docID) == false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact did not find matching doc ID: " + docID);
      }
      long lastOrd = -1;
      long ord;
      int ordCount = 0;
      while ((ord = dv.nextOrd()) != SortedSetDocValues.NO_MORE_ORDS) {
        long ord2 = dv2.nextOrd();
        if (ord != ord2) {
          throw new RuntimeException("nextDoc and advanceExact report different ords: " + ord + " != " + ord2);
        }
        if (ord <= lastOrd) {
          throw new RuntimeException("ords out of order: " + ord + " <= " + lastOrd + " for doc: " + docID);
        }
        if (ord < 0 || ord > maxOrd) {
          throw new RuntimeException("ord out of bounds: " + ord);
        }
        lastOrd = ord;
        maxOrd2 = Math.max(maxOrd2, ord);
        seenOrds.set(ord);
        ordCount++;
      }
      if (ordCount == 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " returned docID=" + docID + " yet has no ordinals");
      }
      long ord2 = dv2.nextOrd();
      if (ord != ord2) {
        throw new RuntimeException("nextDoc and advanceExact report different ords: " + ord + " != " + ord2);
      }
    }
    if (maxOrd != maxOrd2) {
      throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " reports wrong maxOrd=" + maxOrd + " but this is not the case: " + maxOrd2);
    }
    if (seenOrds.cardinality() != dv.getValueCount()) {
      throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " has holes in its ords, valueCount=" + dv.getValueCount() + " but only used: " + seenOrds.cardinality());
    }
    
    BytesRef lastValue = null;
    for (long i = 0; i <= maxOrd; i++) {
      final BytesRef term = dv.lookupOrd(i);
      assert term.isValid();
      if (lastValue != null) {
        if (term.compareTo(lastValue) <= 0) {
          throw new RuntimeException("dv for field: " + fieldName + " has ords out of order: " + lastValue + " >=" + term);
        }
      }
      lastValue = BytesRef.deepCopyOf(term);
    }
  }
  
  private static void checkSortedNumericDocValues(String fieldName, int maxDoc, SortedNumericDocValues ndv, SortedNumericDocValues ndv2) throws IOException {
    if (ndv.docID() != -1) {
      throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator for field: " + fieldName + " should start at docID=-1, but got " + ndv.docID());
    }
    for (int docID = ndv.nextDoc(); docID != NO_MORE_DOCS; docID = ndv.nextDoc()) {
      int count = ndv.docValueCount();
      if (count == 0) {
        throw new RuntimeException("sorted numeric dv for field: " + fieldName + " returned docValueCount=0 for docID=" + docID);
      }
      if (ndv2.advanceExact(docID) == false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact did not find matching doc ID: " + docID);
      }
      int count2 = ndv2.docValueCount();
      if (count != count2) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact reports different value count: " + count + " != " + count2);
      }
      long previous = Long.MIN_VALUE;
      for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
        long value = ndv.nextValue();
        if (value < previous) {
          throw new RuntimeException("values out of order: " + value + " < " + previous + " for doc: " + docID);
        }
        previous = value;

        long value2 = ndv2.nextValue();
        if (value != value2) {
          throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact reports different value: " + value + " != " + value2);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private static void checkNumericDocValues(String fieldName, NumericDocValues ndv, NumericDocValues ndv2) throws IOException {
    if (ndv.docID() != -1) {
      throw new RuntimeException("dv iterator for field: " + fieldName + " should start at docID=-1, but got " + ndv.docID());
    }
    // TODO: we could add stats to DVs, e.g. total doc count w/ a value for this field
    for (int doc = ndv.nextDoc(); doc != NO_MORE_DOCS; doc = ndv.nextDoc()) {
      long value = ndv.longValue();

      if (ndv2.advanceExact(doc) == false) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact did not find matching doc ID: " + doc);
      }
      long value2 = ndv2.longValue();
      if (value != value2) {
        throw new RuntimeException("advanceExact reports different value: " + value + " != " + value2);
      }
    }
  }
  
  private static void checkDocValues(FieldInfo fi, DocValuesProducer dvReader, int maxDoc, PrintStream infoStream, DocValuesStatus status) throws Exception {
    switch(fi.getDocValuesType()) {
      case SORTED:
        status.totalSortedFields++;
        checkDVIterator(fi, maxDoc, dvReader::getSorted);
        checkBinaryDocValues(fi.name, maxDoc, dvReader.getSorted(fi), dvReader.getSorted(fi));
        checkSortedDocValues(fi.name, maxDoc, dvReader.getSorted(fi), dvReader.getSorted(fi));
        break;
      case SORTED_NUMERIC:
        status.totalSortedNumericFields++;
        checkDVIterator(fi, maxDoc, dvReader::getSortedNumeric);
        checkSortedNumericDocValues(fi.name, maxDoc, dvReader.getSortedNumeric(fi), dvReader.getSortedNumeric(fi));
        break;
      case SORTED_SET:
        status.totalSortedSetFields++;
        checkDVIterator(fi, maxDoc, dvReader::getSortedSet);
        checkSortedSetDocValues(fi.name, maxDoc, dvReader.getSortedSet(fi), dvReader.getSortedSet(fi));
        break;
      case BINARY:
        status.totalBinaryFields++;
        checkDVIterator(fi, maxDoc, dvReader::getBinary);
        checkBinaryDocValues(fi.name, maxDoc, dvReader.getBinary(fi), dvReader.getBinary(fi));
        break;
      case NUMERIC:
        status.totalNumericFields++;
        checkDVIterator(fi, maxDoc, dvReader::getNumeric);
        checkNumericDocValues(fi.name, dvReader.getNumeric(fi), dvReader.getNumeric(fi));
        break;
      default:
        throw new AssertionError();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Test term vectors.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.TermVectorStatus testTermVectors(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream) throws IOException {
    return testTermVectors(reader, infoStream, false, false, false);
  }

  /**
   * Test term vectors.
   * @lucene.experimental
   */
  public static Status.TermVectorStatus testTermVectors(CodecReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean verbose, boolean doSlowChecks, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    long startNS = System.nanoTime();
    final Status.TermVectorStatus status = new Status.TermVectorStatus();
    final FieldInfos fieldInfos = reader.getFieldInfos();
    
    try {
      if (infoStream != null) {
        infoStream.print("    test: term vectors........");
      }

      PostingsEnum postings = null;

      // Only used if doSlowChecks is true:
      PostingsEnum postingsDocs = null;

      final Bits liveDocs = reader.getLiveDocs();

      final Fields postingsFields;
      // TODO: testTermsIndex
      if (doSlowChecks) {
        postingsFields = reader.getPostingsReader().getMergeInstance();
      } else {
        postingsFields = null;
      }

      TermVectorsReader vectorsReader = reader.getTermVectorsReader();

      if (vectorsReader != null) {
        vectorsReader = vectorsReader.getMergeInstance();
        for (int j = 0; j < reader.maxDoc(); ++j) {
          // Intentionally pull/visit (but don't count in
          // stats) deleted documents to make sure they too
          // are not corrupt:
          Fields tfv = vectorsReader.get(j);
          
          // TODO: can we make a IS(FIR) that searches just
          // this term vector... to pass for searcher?
          
          if (tfv != null) {
            // First run with no deletions:
            checkFields(tfv, null, 1, fieldInfos, null, false, true, infoStream, verbose, doSlowChecks);
            
            // Only agg stats if the doc is live:
            final boolean doStats = liveDocs == null || liveDocs.get(j);
            
            if (doStats) {
              status.docCount++;
            }
            
            for(String field : tfv) {
              if (doStats) {
                status.totVectors++;
              }
              
              // Make sure FieldInfo thinks this field is vector'd:
              final FieldInfo fieldInfo = fieldInfos.fieldInfo(field);
              if (!fieldInfo.hasVectors()) {
                throw new RuntimeException("docID=" + j + " has term vectors for field=" + field + " but FieldInfo has storeTermVector=false");
              }
              
              if (doSlowChecks) {
                Terms terms = tfv.terms(field);
                TermsEnum termsEnum = terms.iterator();
                final boolean postingsHasFreq = fieldInfo.getIndexOptions().compareTo(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS) >= 0;
                final boolean postingsHasPayload = fieldInfo.hasPayloads();
                final boolean vectorsHasPayload = terms.hasPayloads();
                
                Terms postingsTerms = postingsFields.terms(field);
                if (postingsTerms == null) {
                  throw new RuntimeException("vector field=" + field + " does not exist in postings; doc=" + j);
                }
                TermsEnum postingsTermsEnum = postingsTerms.iterator();
                
                final boolean hasProx = terms.hasOffsets() || terms.hasPositions();
                BytesRef term = null;
                while ((term = termsEnum.next()) != null) {

                  // This is the term vectors:
                  postings = termsEnum.postings(postings, PostingsEnum.ALL);
                  assert postings != null;

                  if (!postingsTermsEnum.seekExact(term)) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " does not exist in postings; doc=" + j);
                  }

                  // This is the inverted index ("real" postings):
                  postingsDocs = postingsTermsEnum.postings(postingsDocs, PostingsEnum.ALL);
                  assert postingsDocs != null;

                  
                  final int advanceDoc = postingsDocs.advance(j);
                  if (advanceDoc != j) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + ": doc=" + j + " was not found in postings (got: " + advanceDoc + ")");
                  }
                  
                  final int doc = postings.nextDoc();
                  
                  if (doc != 0) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("vector for doc " + j + " didn't return docID=0: got docID=" + doc);
                  }
                  
                  if (postingsHasFreq) {
                    final int tf = postings.freq();
                    if (postingsHasFreq && postingsDocs.freq() != tf) {
                      throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + ": freq=" + tf + " differs from postings freq=" + postingsDocs.freq());
                    }

                    // Term vectors has prox?
                    if (hasProx) {
                      for (int i = 0; i < tf; i++) {
                        int pos = postings.nextPosition();
                        if (postingsTerms.hasPositions()) {
                          int postingsPos = postingsDocs.nextPosition();
                          if (terms.hasPositions() && pos != postingsPos) {
                            throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + ": pos=" + pos + " differs from postings pos=" + postingsPos);
                          }
                        }
                        
                        // Call the methods to at least make
                        // sure they don't throw exc:
                        final int startOffset = postings.startOffset();
                        final int endOffset = postings.endOffset();
                        // TODO: these are too anal...?
                        /*
                        if (endOffset < startOffset) {
                        throw new RuntimeException("vector startOffset=" + startOffset + " is > endOffset=" + endOffset);
                        }
                        if (startOffset < lastStartOffset) {
                        throw new RuntimeException("vector startOffset=" + startOffset + " is < prior startOffset=" + lastStartOffset);
                        }
                        lastStartOffset = startOffset;
                         */

                        if (startOffset != -1 && endOffset != -1 && postingsTerms.hasOffsets()) {
                          int postingsStartOffset = postingsDocs.startOffset();
                          int postingsEndOffset = postingsDocs.endOffset();
                          if (startOffset != postingsStartOffset) {
                            throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + ": startOffset=" + startOffset + " differs from postings startOffset=" + postingsStartOffset);
                          }
                          if (endOffset != postingsEndOffset) {
                            throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + ": endOffset=" + endOffset + " differs from postings endOffset=" + postingsEndOffset);
                          }
                        }

                        BytesRef payload = postings.getPayload();
                        
                        if (payload != null) {
                          assert vectorsHasPayload;
                        }
                        
                        if (postingsHasPayload && vectorsHasPayload) {
                          
                          if (payload == null) {
                            // we have payloads, but not at this position. 
                            // postings has payloads too, it should not have one at this position
                            if (postingsDocs.getPayload() != null) {
                              throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + " has no payload but postings does: " + postingsDocs.getPayload());
                            }
                          } else {
                            // we have payloads, and one at this position
                            // postings should also have one at this position, with the same bytes.
                            if (postingsDocs.getPayload() == null) {
                              throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + " has payload=" + payload + " but postings does not.");
                            }
                            BytesRef postingsPayload = postingsDocs.getPayload();
                            if (!payload.equals(postingsPayload)) {
                              throw new RuntimeException("vector term=" + term + " field=" + field + " doc=" + j + " has payload=" + payload + " but differs from postings payload=" + postingsPayload);
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      float vectorAvg = status.docCount == 0 ? 0 : status.totVectors / (float)status.docCount;
      msg(infoStream, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "OK [%d total term vector count; avg %.1f term/freq vector fields per doc] [took %.3f sec]",
                                    status.totVectors, vectorAvg, nsToSec(System.nanoTime() - startNS)));
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      status.error = e;
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }
    
    return status;
  }

  /** Repairs the index using previously returned result
   *  from {@link #checkIndex}.  Note that this does not
   *  remove any of the unreferenced files after it's done;
   *  you must separately open an {@link IndexWriter}, which
   *  deletes unreferenced files when it's created.
   *
   * <p><b>WARNING</b>: this writes a
   *  new segments file into the index, effectively removing
   *  all documents in broken segments from the index.
   *  BE CAREFUL.
   */
  public void exorciseIndex(Status result) throws IOException {
    ensureOpen();
    if (result.partial) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("can only exorcise an index that was fully checked (this status checked a subset of segments)");
    }
    result.newSegments.changed();
    result.newSegments.commit(result.dir);
  }

  private static boolean assertsOn;

  private static boolean testAsserts() {
    assertsOn = true;
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Check whether asserts are enabled or not.
   * @return true iff asserts are enabled
   */
  public static boolean assertsOn() {
    assert testAsserts();
    return assertsOn;
  }

  /** Command-line interface to check and exorcise corrupt segments from an index.

    <p>
    Run it like this:
    <pre>
    java -ea:org.apache.lucene... org.apache.lucene.index.CheckIndex pathToIndex [-exorcise] [-verbose] [-segment X] [-segment Y]
    </pre>
    <ul>
    <li><code>-exorcise</code>: actually write a new segments_N file, removing any problematic segments. *LOSES DATA*

    <li><code>-segment X</code>: only check the specified
    segment(s).  This can be specified multiple times,
    to check more than one segment, eg <code>-segment _2
    -segment _a</code>.  You can't use this with the -exorcise
    option.
    </ul>

    <p><b>WARNING</b>: <code>-exorcise</code> should only be used on an emergency basis as it will cause
                       documents (perhaps many) to be permanently removed from the index.  Always make
                       a backup copy of your index before running this!  Do not run this tool on an index
                       that is actively being written to.  You have been warned!

    <p>                Run without -exorcise, this tool will open the index, report version information
                       and report any exceptions it hits and what action it would take if -exorcise were
                       specified.  With -exorcise, this tool will remove any segments that have issues and
                       write a new segments_N file.  This means all documents contained in the affected
                       segments will be removed.

    <p>
                       This tool exits with exit code 1 if the index cannot be opened or has any
                       corruption, else 0.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    int exitCode = doMain(args);
    System.exit(exitCode);
  }

  /**
   * Run-time configuration options for CheckIndex commands.
   */
  public static class Options {
    boolean doExorcise = false;
    boolean doSlowChecks = false;
    boolean verbose = false;
    boolean doChecksumsOnly = false;
    List<String> onlySegments = new ArrayList<>();
    String indexPath = null;
    String dirImpl = null;
    PrintStream out = null;

    /** Sole constructor. */
    public Options() {}

    /**
     * Get the name of the FSDirectory implementation class to use.
     */
    public String getDirImpl() {
      return dirImpl;
    }

    /**
     * Get the directory containing the index.
     */
    public String getIndexPath() {
      return indexPath;
    }

    /**
     * Set the PrintStream to use for reporting results.
     */
    public void setOut(PrintStream out) {
      this.out = out;
    }
  }

  // actual main: returns exit code instead of terminating JVM (for easy testing)
  @SuppressForbidden(reason = "System.out required: command line tool")
  private static int doMain(String args[]) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    Options opts;
    try {
      opts = parseOptions(args);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
      System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      return 1;
    }

    if (!assertsOn())
      System.out.println("\nNOTE: testing will be more thorough if you run java with '-ea:org.apache.lucene...', so assertions are enabled");

    System.out.println("\nOpening index @ " + opts.indexPath + "\n");
    Directory directory = null;
    Path path = Paths.get(opts.indexPath);
    try {
      if (opts.dirImpl == null) {
        directory = FSDirectory.open(path);
      } else {
        directory = CommandLineUtil.newFSDirectory(opts.dirImpl, path);
      }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      System.out.println("ERROR: could not open directory \"" + opts.indexPath + "\"; exiting");
      t.printStackTrace(System.out);
      return 1;
    }

    try (Directory dir = directory;
         CheckIndex checker = new CheckIndex(dir)) {
      opts.out = System.out;
      return checker.doCheck(opts);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Parse command line args into fields
   * @param args The command line arguments
   * @return An Options struct
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the CLI args are invalid
   */
  @SuppressForbidden(reason = "System.err required: command line tool")
  public static Options parseOptions(String[] args) {
    Options opts = new Options();

    int i = 0;
    while(i < args.length) {
      String arg = args[i];
      if ("-fast".equals(arg)) {
        opts.doChecksumsOnly = true;
      } else if ("-exorcise".equals(arg)) {
        opts.doExorcise = true;
      } else if ("-crossCheckTermVectors".equals(arg)) {
        System.err.println("-crossCheckTermVectors is deprecated, use -slow instead");
        opts.doSlowChecks = true;
      } else if ("-slow".equals(arg)) {
        opts.doSlowChecks = true;
      } else if (arg.equals("-verbose")) {
        opts.verbose = true;
      } else if (arg.equals("-segment")) {
        if (i == args.length-1) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("ERROR: missing name for -segment option");
        }
        i++;
        opts.onlySegments.add(args[i]);
      } else if ("-dir-impl".equals(arg)) {
        if (i == args.length - 1) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("ERROR: missing value for -dir-impl option");
        }
        i++;
        opts.dirImpl = args[i];
      } else {
        if (opts.indexPath != null) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("ERROR: unexpected extra argument '" + args[i] + "'");
        }
        opts.indexPath = args[i];
      }
      i++;
    }

    if (opts.indexPath == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("\nERROR: index path not specified" +
                         "\nUsage: java org.apache.lucene.index.CheckIndex pathToIndex [-exorcise] [-slow] [-segment X] [-segment Y] [-dir-impl X]\n" +
                         "\n" +
                         "  -exorcise: actually write a new segments_N file, removing any problematic segments\n" +
                         "  -fast: just verify file checksums, omitting logical integrity checks\n" + 
                         "  -slow: do additional slow checks; THIS IS VERY SLOW!\n" +
                         "  -codec X: when exorcising, codec to write the new segments_N file with\n" +
                         "  -verbose: print additional details\n" +
                         "  -segment X: only check the specified segments.  This can be specified multiple\n" + 
                         "              times, to check more than one segment, eg '-segment _2 -segment _a'.\n" +
                         "              You can't use this with the -exorcise option\n" +
                         "  -dir-impl X: use a specific " + FSDirectory.class.getSimpleName() + " implementation. " +
                         "If no package is specified the " + FSDirectory.class.getPackage().getName() + " package will be used.\n" +
                         "\n" +
                         "**WARNING**: -exorcise *LOSES DATA*. This should only be used on an emergency basis as it will cause\n" +
                         "documents (perhaps many) to be permanently removed from the index.  Always make\n" +
                         "a backup copy of your index before running this!  Do not run this tool on an index\n" +
                         "that is actively being written to.  You have been warned!\n" +
                         "\n" +
                         "Run without -exorcise, this tool will open the index, report version information\n" +
                         "and report any exceptions it hits and what action it would take if -exorcise were\n" +
                         "specified.  With -exorcise, this tool will remove any segments that have issues and\n" + 
                         "write a new segments_N file.  This means all documents contained in the affected\n" +
                         "segments will be removed.\n" +
                         "\n" +
                         "This tool exits with exit code 1 if the index cannot be opened or has any\n" +
                         "corruption, else 0.\n");
    }

    if (opts.onlySegments.size() == 0) {
      opts.onlySegments = null;
    } else if (opts.doExorcise) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("ERROR: cannot specify both -exorcise and -segment");
    }
    
    if (opts.doChecksumsOnly && opts.doSlowChecks) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("ERROR: cannot specify both -fast and -slow");
    }

    return opts;
  }

  /**
   * Actually perform the index check
   * @param opts The options to use for this check
   * @return 0 iff the index is clean, 1 otherwise
   */
  public int doCheck(Options opts) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    setDoSlowChecks(opts.doSlowChecks);
    setChecksumsOnly(opts.doChecksumsOnly);
    setInfoStream(opts.out, opts.verbose);

    Status result = checkIndex(opts.onlySegments);
    if (result.missingSegments) {
      return 1;
    }

    if (!result.clean) {
      if (!opts.doExorcise) {
        opts.out.println("WARNING: would write new segments file, and " + result.totLoseDocCount + " documents would be lost, if -exorcise were specified\n");
      } else {
        opts.out.println("WARNING: " + result.totLoseDocCount + " documents will be lost\n");
        opts.out.println("NOTE: will write new segments file in 5 seconds; this will remove " + result.totLoseDocCount + " docs from the index. YOU WILL LOSE DATA. THIS IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO CTRL+C!");
        for(int s=0;s<5;s++) {
          Thread.sleep(1000);
          opts.out.println("  " + (5-s) + "...");
        }
        opts.out.println("Writing...");
        exorciseIndex(result);
        opts.out.println("OK");
        opts.out.println("Wrote new segments file \"" + result.newSegments.getSegmentsFileName() + "\"");
      }
    }
    opts.out.println("");

    if (result.clean == true) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      return 1;
    }
  }

  private static void checkSoftDeletes(String softDeletesField, SegmentCommitInfo info, SegmentReader reader, PrintStream infoStream, boolean failFast) throws IOException {
    if (infoStream != null)
      infoStream.print("    test: check soft deletes.....");
    try {
      int softDeletes = PendingSoftDeletes.countSoftDeletes(DocValuesFieldExistsQuery.getDocValuesDocIdSetIterator(softDeletesField, reader), reader.getLiveDocs());
      if (softDeletes != info.getSoftDelCount()) {
        throw new RuntimeException("actual soft deletes: " + softDeletes + " but expected: " +info.getSoftDelCount());
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (failFast) {
        throw IOUtils.rethrowAlways(e);
      }
      msg(infoStream, "ERROR [" + String.valueOf(e.getMessage()) + "]");
      if (infoStream != null) {
        e.printStackTrace(infoStream);
      }
    }
  }

  private static double nsToSec(long ns) {
    return ns/1000000000.0;
  }
}