LUCENE-10115: Add an extension point for custom query parsers to determine the similarity distance for fuzzy queries

[ChrisHegarty]

Description

Add an extension point for custom query parsers to determine the similarity distance for fuzzy queries. This will be used by the elasticsearch query parser to customise how similarity distances are determined.

Solution

This PR adds the QueryParserBase::getFuzzyDistance protected method, which can be overridden by subclasses to provide customisation of how the similarity distance is determined. The default implementation behaves as the current, before-this-change, behaviour.

Tests

An additional test scenarios, testFuzzyDistanceExtendability, has been added that exercises the default functionality, as well as how a custom implementation could behave.

Checklist

Please review the following and check all that apply:

• I have reviewed the guidelines for How to Contribute and my code conforms to the standards described there to the best of my ability.
• I have created a Jira issue and added the issue ID to my pull request title.
• I have given Lucene maintainers access to contribute to my PR branch. (optional but recommended)
• I have developed this patch against the main branch.
• I have run ./gradlew check.
• I have added tests for my changes.

[jpountz]

Can you add an entry to lucene/CHANGES.txt for version 9.0?

[ChrisHegarty]

Can you add an entry to lucene/CHANGES.txt for version 9.0?

@jpountz Yes, I will add an entry to the "API Changes" section and update this PR.

[romseygeek]

Thanks @ChrisHegarty!