[SPARK-5817] [SQL] Fix bug of udtf with column names

It's a bug while do query like:
```sql
select d from (select explode(array(1,1)) d from src limit 1) t
```
And it will throws exception like:
```
org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: cannot resolve 'd' given input columns _c0; line 1 pos 7
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.package$AnalysisErrorAt.failAnalysis(package.scala:42)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.CheckAnalysis$$anonfun$apply$3$$anonfun$apply$1.applyOrElse(CheckAnalysis.scala:48)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.CheckAnalysis$$anonfun$apply$3$$anonfun$apply$1.applyOrElse(CheckAnalysis.scala:45)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNode$$anonfun$transformUp$1.apply(TreeNode.scala:250)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNode$$anonfun$transformUp$1.apply(TreeNode.scala:250)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.CurrentOrigin$.withOrigin(TreeNode.scala:50)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNode.transformUp(TreeNode.scala:249)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.QueryPlan.org$apache$spark$sql$catalyst$plans$QueryPlan$$transformExpressionUp$1(QueryPlan.scala:103)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.QueryPlan$$anonfun$2$$anonfun$apply$2.apply(QueryPlan.scala:117)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.mutable.ResizableArray$class.foreach(ResizableArray.scala:59)
at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer.foreach(ArrayBuffer.scala:47)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$class.map(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.AbstractTraversable.map(Traversable.scala:105)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.QueryPlan$$anonfun$2.apply(QueryPlan.scala:116)
at scala.collection.Iterator$$anon$11.next(Iterator.scala:328)
```

To solve the bug, it requires code refactoring for UDTF
The major changes are about:
* Simplifying the UDTF development, UDTF will manage the output attribute names any more, instead, the `logical.Generate` will handle that properly.
* UDTF will be asked for the output schema (data types) during the logical plan analyzing.

Author: Cheng Hao <hao.cheng@intel.com>

Closes #4602 from chenghao-intel/explode_bug and squashes the following commits:

c2a5132 [Cheng Hao] add back resolved for Alias
556e982 [Cheng Hao] revert the unncessary change
002c361 [Cheng Hao] change the rule of resolved for Generate
04ae500 [Cheng Hao] add qualifier only for generator output
5ee5d2c [Cheng Hao] prepend the new qualifier
d2e8b43 [Cheng Hao] Update the code as feedback
ca5e7f4 [Cheng Hao] shrink the commits

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
 
 import org.apache.spark.util.collection.OpenHashSet
 import org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.errors.TreeNodeException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules._
@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@ class Analyzer(
       ResolveReferences ::
       ResolveGroupingAnalytics ::
       ResolveSortReferences ::
+      ResolveGenerate ::
       ImplicitGenerate ::
       ResolveFunctions ::
       GlobalAggregates ::
@@ -474,8 +474,59 @@ class Analyzer(
    */
   object ImplicitGenerate extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
     def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform {
-      case Project(Seq(Alias(g: Generator, _)), child) =>
-        Generate(g, join = false, outer = false, None, child)
+      case Project(Seq(Alias(g: Generator, name)), child) =>
+        Generate(g, join = false, outer = false,
+          qualifier = None, UnresolvedAttribute(name) :: Nil, child)
+      case Project(Seq(MultiAlias(g: Generator, names)), child) =>
+        Generate(g, join = false, outer = false,
+          qualifier = None, names.map(UnresolvedAttribute(_)), child)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the Generate, if the output names specified, we will take them, otherwise
+   * we will try to provide the default names, which follow the same rule with Hive.
+   */
+  object ResolveGenerate extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
+    // Construct the output attributes for the generator,
+    // The output attribute names can be either specified or
+    // auto generated.
+    private def makeGeneratorOutput(
+        generator: Generator,
+        generatorOutput: Seq[Attribute]): Seq[Attribute] = {
+      val elementTypes = generator.elementTypes
+
+      if (generatorOutput.length == elementTypes.length) {
+        generatorOutput.zip(elementTypes).map {
+          case (a, (t, nullable)) if !a.resolved =>
+            AttributeReference(a.name, t, nullable)()
+          case (a, _) => a
+        }
+      } else if (generatorOutput.length == 0) {
+        elementTypes.zipWithIndex.map {
+          // keep the default column names as Hive does _c0, _c1, _cN
+          case ((t, nullable), i) => AttributeReference(s"_c$i", t, nullable)()
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new AnalysisException(
+          s"""
+             |The number of aliases supplied in the AS clause does not match
+             |the number of columns output by the UDTF expected
+             |${elementTypes.size} aliases but got ${generatorOutput.size}
+           """.stripMargin)
+      }
+    }
+
+    def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform {
+      case p: Generate if !p.child.resolved || !p.generator.resolved => p
+      case p: Generate if p.resolved == false =>
+        // if the generator output names are not specified, we will use the default ones.
+        Generate(
+          p.generator,
+          join = p.join,
+          outer = p.outer,
+          p.qualifier,
+          makeGeneratorOutput(p.generator, p.generatorOutput), p.child)
     }
   }
 }

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/CheckAnalysis.scala

@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ trait CheckAnalysis {
     throw new AnalysisException(msg)
   }
 
+  def containsMultipleGenerators(exprs: Seq[Expression]): Boolean = {
+    exprs.flatMap(_.collect {
+      case e: Generator => true
+    }).length >= 1
+  }
+
   def checkAnalysis(plan: LogicalPlan): Unit = {
     // We transform up and order the rules so as to catch the first possible failure instead
     // of the result of cascading resolution failures.
@@ -110,6 +116,12 @@ trait CheckAnalysis {
             failAnalysis(
               s"unresolved operator ${operator.simpleString}")
 
+          case p @ Project(exprs, _) if containsMultipleGenerators(exprs) =>
+            failAnalysis(
+              s"""Only a single table generating function is allowed in a SELECT clause, found:
+                 | ${exprs.map(_.prettyString).mkString(",")}""".stripMargin)
+
+
           case _ => // Analysis successful!
         }
     }

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/dsl/package.scala

@@ -284,12 +284,13 @@ package object dsl {
         seed: Int = (math.random * 1000).toInt): LogicalPlan =
       Sample(fraction, withReplacement, seed, logicalPlan)
 
+    // TODO specify the output column names
     def generate(
         generator: Generator,
         join: Boolean = false,
         outer: Boolean = false,
         alias: Option[String] = None): LogicalPlan =
-      Generate(generator, join, outer, None, logicalPlan)
+      Generate(generator, join = join, outer = outer, alias, Nil, logicalPlan)
 
     def insertInto(tableName: String, overwrite: Boolean = false): LogicalPlan =
       InsertIntoTable(

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/generators.scala

@@ -42,47 +42,30 @@ abstract class Generator extends Expression {
 
   override type EvaluatedType = TraversableOnce[Row]
 
-  override lazy val dataType =
-    ArrayType(StructType(output.map(a => StructField(a.name, a.dataType, a.nullable, a.metadata))))
+  // TODO ideally we should return the type of ArrayType(StructType),
+  // however, we don't keep the output field names in the Generator.
+  override def dataType: DataType = throw new UnsupportedOperationException
 
   override def nullable: Boolean = false
 
   /**
-   * Should be overridden by specific generators.  Called only once for each instance to ensure
-   * that rule application does not change the output schema of a generator.
+   * The output element data types in structure of Seq[(DataType, Nullable)]
+   * TODO we probably need to add more information like metadata etc.
    */
-  protected def makeOutput(): Seq[Attribute]
-
-  private var _output: Seq[Attribute] = null
-
-  def output: Seq[Attribute] = {
-    if (_output == null) {
-      _output = makeOutput()
-    }
-    _output
-  }
+  def elementTypes: Seq[(DataType, Boolean)]
 
   /** Should be implemented by child classes to perform specific Generators. */
   override def eval(input: Row): TraversableOnce[Row]
-
-  /** Overridden `makeCopy` also copies the attributes that are produced by this generator. */
-  override def makeCopy(newArgs: Array[AnyRef]): this.type = {
-    val copy = super.makeCopy(newArgs)
-    copy._output = _output
-    copy
-  }
 }
 
 /**
  * A generator that produces its output using the provided lambda function.
  */
 case class UserDefinedGenerator(
-    schema: Seq[Attribute],
+    elementTypes: Seq[(DataType, Boolean)],
     function: Row => TraversableOnce[Row],
     children: Seq[Expression])
-  extends Generator{
-
-  override protected def makeOutput(): Seq[Attribute] = schema
+  extends Generator {
 
   override def eval(input: Row): TraversableOnce[Row] = {
     // TODO(davies): improve this
@@ -98,30 +81,18 @@ case class UserDefinedGenerator(
 /**
  * Given an input array produces a sequence of rows for each value in the array.
  */
-case class Explode(attributeNames: Seq[String], child: Expression)
+case class Explode(child: Expression)
   extends Generator with trees.UnaryNode[Expression] {
 
   override lazy val resolved =
     child.resolved &&
     (child.dataType.isInstanceOf[ArrayType] || child.dataType.isInstanceOf[MapType])
 
-  private lazy val elementTypes = child.dataType match {
+  override def elementTypes: Seq[(DataType, Boolean)] = child.dataType match {
     case ArrayType(et, containsNull) => (et, containsNull) :: Nil
     case MapType(kt, vt, valueContainsNull) => (kt, false) :: (vt, valueContainsNull) :: Nil
   }
 
-  // TODO: Move this pattern into Generator.
-  protected def makeOutput() =
-    if (attributeNames.size == elementTypes.size) {
-      attributeNames.zip(elementTypes).map {
-        case (n, (t, nullable)) => AttributeReference(n, t, nullable)()
-      }
-    } else {
-      elementTypes.zipWithIndex.map {
-        case ((t, nullable), i) => AttributeReference(s"c_$i", t, nullable)()
-      }
-    }
-
   override def eval(input: Row): TraversableOnce[Row] = {
     child.dataType match {
       case ArrayType(_, _) =>

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/namedExpressions.scala

@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ case class Alias(child: Expression, name: String)(
   extends NamedExpression with trees.UnaryNode[Expression] {
 
   override type EvaluatedType = Any
+  // Alias(Generator, xx) need to be transformed into Generate(generator, ...)
+  override lazy val resolved = childrenResolved && !child.isInstanceOf[Generator]
 
   override def eval(input: Row): Any = child.eval(input)
 

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala

@@ -482,16 +482,16 @@ object PushPredicateThroughProject extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
 object PushPredicateThroughGenerate extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with PredicateHelper {
 
   def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform {
-    case filter @ Filter(condition,
-    generate @ Generate(generator, join, outer, alias, grandChild)) =>
+    case filter @ Filter(condition, g: Generate) =>
       // Predicates that reference attributes produced by the `Generate` operator cannot
       // be pushed below the operator.
       val (pushDown, stayUp) = splitConjunctivePredicates(condition).partition {
-        conjunct => conjunct.references subsetOf grandChild.outputSet
+        conjunct => conjunct.references subsetOf g.child.outputSet
       }
       if (pushDown.nonEmpty) {
         val pushDownPredicate = pushDown.reduce(And)
-        val withPushdown = generate.copy(child = Filter(pushDownPredicate, grandChild))
+        val withPushdown = Generate(g.generator, join = g.join, outer = g.outer,
+          g.qualifier, g.generatorOutput, Filter(pushDownPredicate, g.child))
         stayUp.reduceOption(And).map(Filter(_, withPushdown)).getOrElse(withPushdown)
       } else {
         filter

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/basicOperators.scala

@@ -40,34 +40,43 @@ case class Project(projectList: Seq[NamedExpression], child: LogicalPlan) extend
  * output of each into a new stream of rows.  This operation is similar to a `flatMap` in functional
  * programming with one important additional feature, which allows the input rows to be joined with
  * their output.
+ * @param generator the generator expression
  * @param join  when true, each output row is implicitly joined with the input tuple that produced
  *              it.
  * @param outer when true, each input row will be output at least once, even if the output of the
  *              given `generator` is empty. `outer` has no effect when `join` is false.
- * @param alias when set, this string is applied to the schema of the output of the transformation
- *              as a qualifier.
+ * @param qualifier Qualifier for the attributes of generator(UDTF)
+ * @param generatorOutput The output schema of the Generator.
+ * @param child Children logical plan node
  */
 case class Generate(
     generator: Generator,
     join: Boolean,
     outer: Boolean,
-    alias: Option[String],
+    qualifier: Option[String],
+    generatorOutput: Seq[Attribute],
     child: LogicalPlan)
   extends UnaryNode {
 
-  protected def generatorOutput: Seq[Attribute] = {
-    val output = alias
-      .map(a => generator.output.map(_.withQualifiers(a :: Nil)))
-      .getOrElse(generator.output)
-    if (join && outer) {
-      output.map(_.withNullability(true))
-    } else {
-      output
-    }
+  override lazy val resolved: Boolean = {
+    generator.resolved &&
+      childrenResolved &&
+      generator.elementTypes.length == generatorOutput.length &&
+      !generatorOutput.exists(!_.resolved)
   }
 
-  override def output: Seq[Attribute] =
-    if (join) child.output ++ generatorOutput else generatorOutput
+  // we don't want the gOutput to be taken as part of the expressions
+  // as that will cause exceptions like unresolved attributes etc.
+  override def expressions: Seq[Expression] = generator :: Nil
+
+  def output: Seq[Attribute] = {
+    val qualified = qualifier.map(q =>
+      // prepend the new qualifier to the existed one
+      generatorOutput.map(a => a.withQualifiers(q +: a.qualifiers))
+    ).getOrElse(generatorOutput)
+
+    if (join) child.output ++ qualified else qualified
+  }
 }
 
 case class Filter(condition: Expression, child: LogicalPlan) extends UnaryNode {

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AnalysisSuite.scala

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class AnalysisSuite extends FunSuite with BeforeAndAfter {
 
     assert(!Project(Seq(UnresolvedAttribute("a")), testRelation).resolved)
 
-    val explode = Explode(Nil, AttributeReference("a", IntegerType, nullable = true)())
+    val explode = Explode(AttributeReference("a", IntegerType, nullable = true)())
     assert(!Project(Seq(Alias(explode, "explode")()), testRelation).resolved)
 
     assert(!Project(Seq(Alias(Count(Literal(1)), "count")()), testRelation).resolved)

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/FilterPushdownSuite.scala

@@ -454,21 +454,21 @@ class FilterPushdownSuite extends PlanTest {
   test("generate: predicate referenced no generated column") {
     val originalQuery = {
       testRelationWithArrayType
-        .generate(Explode(Seq("c"), 'c_arr), true, false, Some("arr"))
+        .generate(Explode('c_arr), true, false, Some("arr"))
         .where(('b >= 5) && ('a > 6))
     }
     val optimized = Optimize(originalQuery.analyze)
     val correctAnswer = {
       testRelationWithArrayType
         .where(('b >= 5) && ('a > 6))
-        .generate(Explode(Seq("c"), 'c_arr), true, false, Some("arr")).analyze
+        .generate(Explode('c_arr), true, false, Some("arr")).analyze
     }
 
     comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer)
   }
 
   test("generate: part of conjuncts referenced generated column") {
-    val generator = Explode(Seq("c"), 'c_arr)
+    val generator = Explode('c_arr)
     val originalQuery = {
       testRelationWithArrayType
         .generate(generator, true, false, Some("arr"))
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ class FilterPushdownSuite extends PlanTest {
   test("generate: all conjuncts referenced generated column") {
     val originalQuery = {
       testRelationWithArrayType
-        .generate(Explode(Seq("c"), 'c_arr), true, false, Some("arr"))
+        .generate(Explode('c_arr), true, false, Some("arr"))
         .where(('c > 6) || ('b > 5)).analyze
     }
     val optimized = Optimize(originalQuery)

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/DataFrame.scala

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import org.apache.spark.api.python.SerDeUtil
 import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
 import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.{CatalystTypeConverters, ScalaReflection, SqlParser}
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{UnresolvedRelation, ResolvedStar}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{UnresolvedAttribute, UnresolvedRelation, ResolvedStar}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.{JoinType, Inner}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
@@ -711,12 +711,16 @@ class DataFrame private[sql](
    */
   def explode[A <: Product : TypeTag](input: Column*)(f: Row => TraversableOnce[A]): DataFrame = {
     val schema = ScalaReflection.schemaFor[A].dataType.asInstanceOf[StructType]
-    val attributes = schema.toAttributes
+
+    val elementTypes = schema.toAttributes.map { attr => (attr.dataType, attr.nullable) }
+    val names = schema.toAttributes.map(_.name)
+
     val rowFunction =
       f.andThen(_.map(CatalystTypeConverters.convertToCatalyst(_, schema).asInstanceOf[Row]))
-    val generator = UserDefinedGenerator(attributes, rowFunction, input.map(_.expr))
+    val generator = UserDefinedGenerator(elementTypes, rowFunction, input.map(_.expr))
 
-    Generate(generator, join = true, outer = false, None, logicalPlan)
+    Generate(generator, join = true, outer = false,
+      qualifier = None, names.map(UnresolvedAttribute(_)), logicalPlan)
   }
 
   /**
@@ -733,12 +737,17 @@ class DataFrame private[sql](
     : DataFrame = {
     val dataType = ScalaReflection.schemaFor[B].dataType
     val attributes = AttributeReference(outputColumn, dataType)() :: Nil
+    // TODO handle the metadata?
+    val elementTypes = attributes.map { attr => (attr.dataType, attr.nullable) }
+    val names = attributes.map(_.name)
+
     def rowFunction(row: Row): TraversableOnce[Row] = {
       f(row(0).asInstanceOf[A]).map(o => Row(CatalystTypeConverters.convertToCatalyst(o, dataType)))
     }
-    val generator = UserDefinedGenerator(attributes, rowFunction, apply(inputColumn).expr :: Nil)
+    val generator = UserDefinedGenerator(elementTypes, rowFunction, apply(inputColumn).expr :: Nil)
 
-    Generate(generator, join = true, outer = false, None, logicalPlan)
+    Generate(generator, join = true, outer = false,
+      qualifier = None, names.map(UnresolvedAttribute(_)), logicalPlan)
   }
 
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////