[SPARK-36022][SQL] Respect interval fields in extract

[sarutak]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR fixes an issue about extract.
Extract should process only existing fields of interval types. For example:

spark-sql> SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM INTERVAL '2021-11' YEAR TO MONTH);
11
spark-sql> SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM INTERVAL '2021' YEAR);
0

The last command should fail as the month field doesn't present in INTERVAL YEAR.

Why are the changes needed?

Bug fix.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

New tests.

[SparkQA]

Kubernetes integration test starting
URL: https://amplab.cs.berkeley.edu/jenkins/job/SparkPullRequestBuilder-K8s/45268/

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Kubernetes integration test status success
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[SparkQA]

Test build #140757 has finished for PR 33247 at commit 6524f02.

• This patch fails Spark unit tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[MaxGekk]

@sarutak The failure in GA is related to the changes, it seems:

[info] - extract.sql *** FAILED *** (2 seconds, 541 milliseconds)
[info]   extract.sql
[info]   Expected "struct<[extract(SECOND FROM INTERVAL '123 12:34:56.789123' DAY TO SECOND):decimal(8,6)]>", but got "struct<[]>" Schema did not match for query #119
[info]   select extract(SECOND from interval '123 12:34:56.789123123' DAY TO SECOND): -- !query
[info]   select extract(SECOND from interval '123 12:34:56.789123123' DAY TO SECOND)
[info]   -- !query schema
[info]   struct<>
[info]   -- !query output
[info]   java.lang.ClassCastException

Could you fix it.

[sarutak]

@MaxGekk Thank you for letting me know. I'll look into it.

[SparkQA]

Kubernetes integration test starting
URL: https://amplab.cs.berkeley.edu/jenkins/job/SparkPullRequestBuilder-K8s/45282/

[SparkQA]

Kubernetes integration test status success
URL: https://amplab.cs.berkeley.edu/jenkins/job/SparkPullRequestBuilder-K8s/45282/

[SparkQA]

Test build #140770 has finished for PR 33247 at commit c4ff41b.

• This patch passes all tests.
• This patch merges cleanly.
• This patch adds no public classes.

[MaxGekk]

+1, LGTM. Merging to master/3.2.
Thank you, @sarutak .