[SPARK-47053][INFRA] Bump python libraries (pandas, pyarrow) in Docker image for release script

[HeartSaVioR]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR proposes to bump python libraries (pandas to 2.0.3, pyarrow to 4.0.0) in Docker image for release script.

Why are the changes needed?

Without this change, release script (do-release-docker.sh) fails on docs phase. Changing this fixes the release process against branch-3.5.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

Confirmed with dry-run of release script against branch-3.5.

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

[HeartSaVioR]

I'm now running release script with dry-run against master branch. Will update PR description once it works for master branch as well. Otherwise I'll rebase this PR against branch-3.5.

[HeartSaVioR]

docs phase against master branch + this PR failed "before" python docs build:

Your bundle is locked to sass-embedded (1.69.7) from rubygems repository
https://rubygems.org/ or installed locally, but that version can no longer be
found in that source. That means the author of sass-embedded (1.69.7) has removed
it. You'll need to update your bundle to a version other than sass-embedded
(1.69.7) that hasn't been removed in order to install.

Rebasing this PR to master branch doesn't seem to work as expected. I'll submit a PR for branch-3.5, as cherry-pick has conflict anyway.

[xinrong-meng]

Thank you @HeartSaVioR !