chore: bubble up more db error messages

[villebro]

SUMMARY

Many small improvements to error handling:

• Map exceptions from the requests library to Superset exceptions for both Trino and Druid (both use requests for communication, and has "clean" error messages that shouldn't contain sensitive info)
• In SQL Lab, both table and schema metadata requests only show a generic error message on failure; this adds the error message to provide additional context on what the error was.
• In Explore, unexpected exceptions are not shown in the error toast. Similar to SQL Lab table and schema errors, this adds the sanitized error message to the Explore error toast if available.
• BaseEngineSpec was missing get_dbapi_mapped_exception in many methods that potentially raised database-specific exceptions - these are added here + exception chaining as recommended here.

AFTER

When trying to Explore a dataset that has an error, the toast now shows the error message:

Error messages are also surfaced in SQL Lab when fetching schemas/tables:

BEFORE

On Explore, a generic uninformative error was toasted:

In SQL Lab, previously the table error message wasn't always raised, and no error context was available for either schema or table error toasts:

TESTING INSTRUCTIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

• Has associated issue:
• Required feature flags:
• Changes UI
• Includes DB Migration (follow approval process in SIP-59)
  • Migration is atomic, supports rollback & is backwards-compatible
  • Confirm DB migration upgrade and downgrade tested
  • Runtime estimates and downtime expectations provided
• Introduces new feature or API
• Removes existing feature or API

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #21982 (4ac5cc2) into master (66f166b) will decrease coverage by 11.45%.
The diff coverage is 61.03%.

❗ Current head 4ac5cc2 differs from pull request most recent head c911b03. Consider uploading reports for the commit c911b03 to get more accurate results

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #21982       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   66.92%   55.47%   -11.46%     
===========================================
  Files        1807     1808        +1     
  Lines       69238    69309       +71     
  Branches     7407     7407               
===========================================
- Hits        46338    38446     -7892     
- Misses      20991    28954     +7963     
  Partials     1909     1909               

Flag	Coverage Δ
hive	?
mysql	?
presto	52.80% <33.82%> (-0.03%)	⬇️
python	57.68% <60.29%> (-23.74%)	⬇️
sqlite	?
unit	51.15% <58.08%> (+0.06%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...et-ui-core/src/connection/callApi/parseResponse.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...-frontend/src/components/FilterableTable/index.tsx	72.67% <ø> (ø)
superset-frontend/src/explore/ExplorePage.tsx	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...uperset-frontend/src/utils/getClientErrorObject.ts	58.53% <ø> (ø)
superset/db_engine_specs/base.py	74.25% <0.00%> (-15.45%)	⬇️
superset/views/core.py	34.69% <0.00%> (-41.37%)	⬇️
superset/reports/commands/execute.py	23.94% <12.50%> (-68.34%)	⬇️
superset/databases/api.py	52.30% <14.28%> (-42.68%)	⬇️
superset/models/core.py	78.93% <25.00%> (-10.86%)	⬇️
superset/explore/commands/get.py	65.30% <28.57%> (-25.23%)	⬇️
... and 316 more

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[zhaoyongjie]

LGTM. leave an unrelated suggestion, we might do the naming in the separate PR.