tests: Add failing unit test for bitcoin-core#257 (bad addition formula)

src/tests.c

@@ -1146,11 +1146,79 @@ void test_ge(void) {
     free(zinv);
 }
 
+void test_add_neg_y_diff_x(void) {
+    /* The point of this test is to check that we can add two points
+     * whose y-coordinates are negatives of each other but whose x
+     * coordinates differ. If the x-coordinates were the same, these
+     * points would be negatives of each other and their sum is
+     * infinity. This is cool because it "covers up" any degeneracy
+     * in the addition algorithm that would cause the xy coordinates
+     * of the sum to be wrong (since infinity has no xy coordinates).
+     * HOWEVER, if the x-coordinates are different, infinity is the
+     * wrong answer, and such degeneracies are exposed. This is the
+     * root of https://github.com/bitcoin/secp256k1/issues/257 which
+     * this test is a regression test for.
+     *
+     * These points were generated in sage as
+     * # secp256k1 params
+     * F = FiniteField (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2F)
+     * C = EllipticCurve ([F (0), F (7)])
+     * G = C.lift_x(0x79BE667EF9DCBBAC55A06295CE870B07029BFCDB2DCE28D959F2815B16F81798)
+     * N = FiniteField(G.order())
+     *
+     * # endomorphism values (lambda is 1^{1/3} in N, beta is 1^{1/3} in F)
+     * x = polygen(N)
+     * lam  = (1 - x^3).roots()[1][0]
+     *
+     * # random "bad pair"
+     * P = C.random_element()
+     * Q = -int(lam) * P
+     * print "    P: %x %x" % P.xy()
+     * print "    Q: %x %x" % Q.xy()
+     * print "P + Q: %x %x" % (P + Q).xy()
+     */
+    secp256k1_gej_t aj = SECP256K1_GEJ_CONST(
+        0x8d24cd95, 0x0a355af1, 0x3c543505, 0x44238d30,
+        0x0643d79f, 0x05a59614, 0x2f8ec030, 0xd58977cb,
+        0x001e337a, 0x38093dcd, 0x6c0f386d, 0x0b1293a8,
+        0x4d72c879, 0xd7681924, 0x44e6d2f3, 0x9190117d
+    );
+    secp256k1_gej_t bj = SECP256K1_GEJ_CONST(
+        0xc7b74206, 0x1f788cd9, 0xabd0937d, 0x164a0d86,
+        0x95f6ff75, 0xf19a4ce9, 0xd013bd7b, 0xbf92d2a7,
+        0xffe1cc85, 0xc7f6c232, 0x93f0c792, 0xf4ed6c57,
+        0xb28d3786, 0x2897e6db, 0xbb192d0b, 0x6e6feab2
+    );
+    secp256k1_gej_t sumj = SECP256K1_GEJ_CONST(
+        0x671a63c0, 0x3efdad4c, 0x389a7798, 0x24356027,
+        0xb3d69010, 0x278625c3, 0x5c86d390, 0x184a8f7a,
+        0x5f6409c2, 0x2ce01f2b, 0x511fd375, 0x25071d08,
+        0xda651801, 0x70e95caf, 0x8f0d893c, 0xbed8fbbe
+    );
+    secp256k1_ge_t b;
+    secp256k1_gej_t resj;
+    secp256k1_ge_t res;
+    secp256k1_ge_set_gej(&b, &bj);
+
+    secp256k1_gej_add_var(&resj, &aj, &bj, NULL);
+    secp256k1_ge_set_gej(&res, &resj);
+    ge_equals_gej(&res, &sumj);
+
+    secp256k1_gej_add_ge(&resj, &aj, &b);
+    secp256k1_ge_set_gej(&res, &resj);
+    ge_equals_gej(&res, &sumj);
+
+    secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&resj, &aj, &b, NULL);
+    secp256k1_ge_set_gej(&res, &resj);
+    ge_equals_gej(&res, &sumj);
+}
+
 void run_ge(void) {
     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < count * 32; i++) {
         test_ge();
     }
+    test_add_neg_y_diff_x();
 }
 
 /***** ECMULT TESTS *****/