Remove query whitespace, take 2: Function Time

[sarahghp]

Implements approach for optionally removing removing whitespace or otherwise passing custom print functions to HttpLink and friends as outlined in #8549.

Checklist:

• If this PR is a new feature, please reference an issue where a consensus about the design was reached (not necessary for small changes)
• Make sure all of the significant new logic is covered by tests

[apollo-cla]

@sarahghp: Thank you for submitting a pull request! Before we can merge it, you'll need to sign the Apollo Contributor License Agreement here: https://contribute.apollographql.com/

[sarahghp]

@benjamn Do you mind taking a look at this draft and confirming the approach matches expectations? Then I'll go in and add new specs and docs, update filesize, etc. Thanks!

[benjamn]

@sarahghp This is looking great/perfect so far!

If you rebase and force-push I believe the CLA check will pass. And please feel free to bump the bundlesize limit here to, say, 24.8kB. That will more than cover the increase from this PR (~0.05kB, way less than before 🎉).

[sarahghp]

@benjamn @StephenBarlow This is ready for feedback on specs and docs now. Thank you!

[benjamn]

Thanks for adding tests and docs!

I rebased against release-3.5 (since this is technically new functionality), and I expect to release these changes in @apollo/client@3.5.0-beta.11 (the next beta release).

I'll let @StephenBarlow review these documentation changes asynchronously.