fix: ensure node phases propagate correctly. Fixes #12869 #21567

Job	Run time
argocli-image	3m 12s
Get changed files	4s
argoexec-image	2m 49s
Lint	4m 3s
Windows Unit Tests	11m 53s
Unit Tests	4m 12s
Codegen	0s
UI	0s
E2E Tests (test-executor, minimal)	13m 18s
E2E Tests (test-corefunctional, minimal)	12m 29s
E2E Tests (test-functional, minimal)	21m 4s
E2E Tests (test-api, mysql)	6m 30s
E2E Tests (test-cli, mysql)	11m 18s
E2E Tests (test-cron, minimal)	6m 28s
E2E Tests (test-examples, minimal)	5m 51s
E2E Tests (test-plugins, plugins)	3m 43s
E2E Tests (test-java-sdk, minimal)	3m 27s
E2E Tests (test-python-sdk, minimal)	3m 12s
E2E Tests (test-executor, v1.26.15+k3s1, minimal)	14m 5s
E2E Tests (test-corefunctional, v1.26.15+k3s1, minimal)	13m 32s
E2E Tests (test-functional, v1.26.15+k3s1, minimal)	21m 17s
E2E Tests - Composite result	1s
	2h 42m 28s

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