Fix Cython warnings

[svank]

Fixes #416

Implements Cython's suggested performance fixes and removes the "performance hint" warnings. Looks like new behavior in Cython 3.0, to ensure proper handling if a Python exception is raised within a function. Since these subroutines don't call any Python code directly, no Python exception can be raised, so we can add noexcept flags and avoid Cython checking for an exception after every function call. These changes gain a bit of speed in a real-world benchmark, but it looks like just speed that we lost when changing to Cython 3.

I also fixed a few warnings (removed an unused function, compiler worried about an uninitialized variable, explicitly set language_level to the new default, and added flag to not use the deprecated numpy api,) so now deforest.pyx builds without any warnings on my computer.

Performance of the adaptive code is indeed relevant to my interests---thanks for pointing this out, @astrofrog

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (b07fef5) 93.62% compared to head (117bdbc) 93.62%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #418   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   93.62%   93.62%           
=======================================
  Files          25       25           
  Lines         894      894           
=======================================
  Hits          837      837           
  Misses         57       57           

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[astrofrog]

Thanks!