add questions to concept quiz for week 8

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@@ -4185,7 +4185,7 @@
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     "title": "Week 8 – Hypothesis Tests for Slope Coefficients & Conditions for Inference",
     "section": "",
-    "text": "1 Textbook Reading\nRequired Reading: Hypothesis Test for Slope & Inference Conditions\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReading Guide – Due Monday by the start of class\n\n\n\nDownload the Word Document\n\n\n\n\n2 Concept Quiz – Due Monday by the start of class\n1. Which of the following are always true for hypothesis statements?\n\nThey are about sample statistics.\nThey are about relationships between variables.\nThey are about population parameters.\nThey are about differences in groups.\n\n2. Which of the following are true about a null distribution? (select all that apply)\n\nIt is a distribution of statistics.\nThe values on the distribution represent what might have happened if the null hypothesis was true.\nThe values on the distribution represent what might have happened if the alternative hypothesis was true.\nIt is a distribution of sample observations.\n\n3. Which of the following are true about a p-value? (select all that apply)\n\nIt is calculated assuming the null hypothesis is true.\nIt is the probability the null hypothesis is true.\nIt quantifies how “surprising” our data are.\nIt compares the observed statistic to a distribution of values that could have happened if the null was true.\nIt is calculated assuming the alternative hypothesis is true.\nIt is a probability.\n\n4. Which of the following is true about a small p-value?\n\nThe sample statistic is unlikely to have happened by chance.\nThe sample size was large.\nThe sample statistic is unlikely to have happened if the null hypothesis was true.\nThe sample statistic was large.\n\n5. If you obtain a large p-value, what can you conclude about your hypotheses?\n\nWe cannot say the alternative hypothesis is false.\nWe cannot say the null hypothesis is false.\nThe null hypothesis is true.\nThe alternative hypothesis is true.\n\n6. Match each procedure to the question it addresses.\n\n\nconfidence intervals\nhypothesis tests\n\n\n\n\nWhat are plausible values for the population parameter?\nWhat are plausible values for the sample statistic?\nIs the population parameter different from 0?\nIs the value of the parameter different from a specified quantity?\n\n\n\n7. If the probability of a Type I error goes down, what can you say about the probability of a Type II error?\n\nThe probability of a Type II error goes down.\nThe probability of a Type II error stays the same.\nThe probability of a Type II error goes up.\n\n8. If you obtained a small p-value (e.g., 0.02), what could you say about what you would expect if you constructed a 95% confidence interval?\n\nIt would contain the null hypothesized value.\nIt would not contain the null hypothesized value.\nIt would contain the sample statistic.\nIt would contain the true population parameter.\n\n9. In a regression table, what is the “statistic” value associated with the slope?\n\na bootstrap statistic\na z-statistic\nthe sample slope statistic\na t-statistic\n\n10. In a regression table, how is the p-value calculated?\n\nUsing a permutation distribution with 1000 resamples\nUsing a bootstrap distribution with 1000 samples\nUsing a Normal distribution\nUsing a t-distribution\n\n11. What are the required conditions for linear regression? (select all that apply)\n\na random sample was taken\nequal variance of residuals\na large sample was collected\nlinear relationship between x and y\nindependence of observations\nindependence of variables\nnormality of residuals\nnormality of observations\n\n12. Which of the following would violate the condition of independence? (select all that apply)\n\ncollecting a non-random sample\nobservations related geographically (spatially)\nobservations that are related in time (temporally)\nrepeated observations on the same person\nobservations related biologically\n\n\n\n3 R Tutorial – Due Wednesday by the start of class\nRequired Tutorial: Randomization test for the slope\nRequired Tutorial: Evaluating the technical conditions in linear regression",
+    "text": "1 Textbook Reading\nRequired Reading: Hypothesis Test for Slope & Inference Conditions\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReading Guide – Due Monday by the start of class\n\n\n\nDownload the Word Document\n\n\n\n\n2 Concept Quiz – Due Monday by the start of class\n1. Match each procedure to the question it addresses.\n\n\nconfidence intervals\nhypothesis tests\n\n\n\n\nWhat are plausible values for the population parameter?\nWhat are plausible values for the sample statistic?\nIs the population parameter different from 0?\nIs the value of the parameter different from a specified quantity?\n\n\n\n2. Which of the following are always true for hypothesis statements?\n\nThey are about sample statistics.\nThey are about relationships between variables.\nThey are about population parameters.\nThey are about differences in groups.\n\n3. To simulate what could have happened if the [null hypothesis was true / alternative hypothesis was true], we [separate the (x, y) pairs / keep the (x, y) pairs together] and [resample with replacement / randomly reassign a new y to each x].\n4. Which of the following are true about a null distribution? (select all that apply)\n\nIt is a distribution of statistics.\nThe values on the distribution represent what might have happened if the null hypothesis was true.\nThe values on the distribution represent what might have happened if the alternative hypothesis was true.\nIt is a distribution of sample observations.\n\n5. Name one similarity between a permutation distribution and a bootstrap distribution.\n6. Name one difference between a permutation distribution and a bootstrap distribution.\n7. For linear regression, the null distribution is always centered at ____.\n8. Which of the following are true about a p-value? (select all that apply)\n\nIt is calculated assuming the null hypothesis is true.\nIt is the probability the null hypothesis is true.\nIt quantifies how “surprising” our data are.\nIt compares the observed statistic to a distribution of values that could have happened if the null was true.\nIt is calculated assuming the alternative hypothesis is true.\nIt is a probability.\n\n9. Which of the following is true about a small p-value?\n\nThe sample statistic is unlikely to have happened by chance.\nThe sample size was large.\nThe sample statistic is unlikely to have happened if the null hypothesis was true.\nThe sample statistic was large.\n\n10. If you obtain a large p-value, what can you conclude about your hypotheses?\n\nWe cannot say the alternative hypothesis is false.\nWe cannot say the null hypothesis is false.\nThe null hypothesis is true.\nThe alternative hypothesis is true.\n\n11. If the probability of a Type I error goes down, what can you say about the probability of a Type II error?\n\nThe probability of a Type II error goes down.\nThe probability of a Type II error stays the same.\nThe probability of a Type II error goes up.\n\n12. If you obtained a small p-value (e.g., 0.02), what could you say about what you would expect if you constructed a 95% confidence interval?\n\nIt would contain the null hypothesized value.\nIt would not contain the null hypothesized value.\nIt would contain the sample statistic.\nIt would contain the true population parameter.\n\n13. In a regression table, what is the “statistic” value associated with the slope?\n\na bootstrap statistic\na z-statistic\nthe sample slope statistic\na t-statistic\n\n14. In a regression table, how is the p-value calculated?\n\nUsing a permutation distribution with 1000 resamples\nUsing a bootstrap distribution with 1000 samples\nUsing a Normal distribution\nUsing a t-distribution\n\n15. What are the required conditions for linear regression? (select all that apply)\n\na random sample was taken\nequal variance of residuals\na large sample was collected\nlinear relationship between x and y\nindependence of observations\nindependence of variables\nnormality of residuals\nnormality of observations\n\n16. In the scatterplot of stem dry mass versus stem length, what condition appears to be violated? (select all that apply)\n\nequal variance of residuals\nlinear relationship between x and y\nindependence of observations\nnormality of residuals\n\n17. Which of the following would violate the condition of independence? (select all that apply)\n\ncollecting a non-random sample\nobservations related geographically (spatially)\nobservations that are related in time (temporally)\nrepeated observations on the same person\nobservations related biologically\n\n18. When conducting a hypothesis test (in general), we assume the [observations / variables] are independent. When conducting a hypothesis test for a linear regression, the conditions require that the [observations / variables] are independent.\n\n\n3 R Tutorial – Due Wednesday by the start of class\nRequired Tutorial: Randomization test for the slope\nRequired Tutorial: Evaluating the technical conditions in linear regression",
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docs/weeks/week-8.html

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@@ -342,21 +342,41 @@ <h1 data-number="1"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Textbook Readin
 </section>
 <section id="concept-quiz-due-monday-by-the-start-of-class" class="level1" data-number="2">
 <h1 data-number="2"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Concept Quiz – Due Monday by the start of class</h1>
-<p><strong>1. Which of the following are <em>always</em> true for hypothesis statements?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>1. Match each procedure to the question it addresses.</strong></p>
+<div class="columns">
+<div class="column" style="width:40%;">
+<p>confidence intervals</p>
+<p>hypothesis tests</p>
+</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
+
+</div><div class="column" style="width:55%;">
+<ul>
+<li>What are plausible values for the population parameter?</li>
+<li>What are plausible values for the sample statistic?</li>
+<li>Is the population parameter different from 0?</li>
+<li>Is the value of the parameter different from a specified quantity?</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><strong>2. Which of the following are <em>always</em> true for hypothesis statements?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>They are about sample statistics.</li>
 <li>They are about relationships between variables.</li>
 <li>They are about population parameters.</li>
 <li>They are about differences in groups.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>2. Which of the following are true about a null distribution?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
+<p><strong>3. To simulate what could have happened if the [null hypothesis was true / alternative hypothesis was true], we [separate the (x, y) pairs / keep the (x, y) pairs together] and [resample with replacement / randomly reassign a new y to each x].</strong></p>
+<p><strong>4. Which of the following are true about a null distribution?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
 <ul>
 <li>It is a distribution of statistics.</li>
 <li>The values on the distribution represent what might have happened if the null hypothesis was true.</li>
 <li>The values on the distribution represent what might have happened if the alternative hypothesis was true.</li>
 <li>It is a distribution of sample observations.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>3. Which of the following are true about a p-value?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
+<p><strong>5. Name <u>one</u> similarity between a permutation distribution and a bootstrap distribution.</strong></p>
+<p><strong>6. Name <u>one</u> difference between a permutation distribution and a bootstrap distribution.</strong></p>
+<p><strong>7. For linear regression, the null distribution is always centered at ____.</strong></p>
+<p><strong>8. Which of the following are true about a p-value?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
 <ul>
 <li>It is calculated assuming the null hypothesis is true.</li>
 <li>It is the probability the null hypothesis is true.</li>
@@ -365,64 +385,48 @@ <h1 data-number="2"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Concept Quiz 
 <li>It is calculated assuming the alternative hypothesis is true.</li>
 <li>It is a probability.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>4. Which of the following is true about a small p-value?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>9. Which of the following is true about a small p-value?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>The sample statistic is unlikely to have happened by chance.</li>
 <li>The sample size was large.</li>
 <li>The sample statistic is unlikely to have happened if the null hypothesis was true.</li>
 <li>The sample statistic was large.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>5. If you obtain a large p-value, what can you conclude about your hypotheses?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>10. If you obtain a large p-value, what can you conclude about your hypotheses?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>We cannot say the alternative hypothesis is false.</li>
 <li>We cannot say the null hypothesis is false.</li>
 <li>The null hypothesis is true.</li>
 <li>The alternative hypothesis is true.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>6. Match each procedure to the question it addresses.</strong></p>
-<div class="columns">
-<div class="column" style="width:40%;">
-<p>confidence intervals</p>
-<p>hypothesis tests</p>
-</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
-
-</div><div class="column" style="width:55%;">
-<ul>
-<li>What are plausible values for the population parameter?</li>
-<li>What are plausible values for the sample statistic?</li>
-<li>Is the population parameter different from 0?</li>
-<li>Is the value of the parameter different from a specified quantity?</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>7. If the probability of a Type I error goes down, what can you say about the probability of a Type II error?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>11. If the probability of a Type I error goes down, what can you say about the probability of a Type II error?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>The probability of a Type II error goes down.</li>
 <li>The probability of a Type II error stays the same.</li>
 <li>The probability of a Type II error goes up.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>8. If you obtained a small p-value (e.g., 0.02), what could you say about what you would expect if you constructed a 95% confidence interval?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>12. If you obtained a small p-value (e.g., 0.02), what could you say about what you would expect if you constructed a 95% confidence interval?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>It would contain the null hypothesized value.</li>
 <li>It would not contain the null hypothesized value.</li>
 <li>It would contain the sample statistic.</li>
 <li>It would contain the true population parameter.</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>9. In a regression table, what is the “statistic” value associated with the slope?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>13. In a regression table, what is the “statistic” value associated with the slope?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>a bootstrap statistic</li>
 <li>a z-statistic</li>
 <li>the sample slope statistic</li>
 <li>a t-statistic</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>10. In a regression table, how is the p-value calculated?</strong></p>
+<p><strong>14. In a regression table, how is the p-value calculated?</strong></p>
 <ul>
 <li>Using a permutation distribution with 1000 resamples</li>
 <li>Using a bootstrap distribution with 1000 samples</li>
 <li>Using a Normal distribution</li>
 <li>Using a t-distribution</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>11. What are the required conditions for linear regression?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
+<p><strong>15. What are the required conditions for linear regression?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
 <ul>
 <li>a random sample was taken</li>
 <li>equal variance of residuals</li>
@@ -433,14 +437,22 @@ <h1 data-number="2"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Concept Quiz 
 <li>normality of residuals</li>
 <li>normality of observations</li>
 </ul>
-<p><strong>12. Which of the following would violate the condition of independence?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
+<p><strong>16. In the scatterplot of stem dry mass versus stem length, what condition appears to be violated?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
+<ul>
+<li>equal variance of residuals</li>
+<li>linear relationship between x and y</li>
+<li>independence of observations</li>
+<li>normality of residuals</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>17. Which of the following would violate the condition of independence?</strong> (select all that apply)</p>
 <ul>
 <li>collecting a non-random sample</li>
 <li>observations related geographically (spatially)</li>
 <li>observations that are related in time (temporally)</li>
 <li>repeated observations on the same person</li>
 <li>observations related biologically</li>
 </ul>
+<p><strong>18. When conducting a hypothesis test (in general), we assume the [observations / variables] are independent. When conducting a hypothesis test for a linear regression, the conditions require that the [observations / variables] are independent.</strong></p>
 </section>
 <section id="r-tutorial-due-wednesday-by-the-start-of-class" class="level1" data-number="3">
 <h1 data-number="3"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> R Tutorial – Due Wednesday by the start of class</h1>
@@ -612,12 +624,7 @@ <h1 data-number="3"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> R Tutorial –
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