fix(core): support docker engine v20.10.0-beta1 (#11124)

Running an image by only providing the hash fails on docker engine v20.10.0-beta1 with invalid repository name.

```
docker run --rm b92402b29db56f1bbace74c369bedef5ee296a76fd8545426255247da70ce21a
docker: Error response from daemon: invalid repository name (b92402b29db56f1bbace74c369bedef5ee296a76fd8545426255247da70ce21a), cannot specify 64-byte hexadecimal strings.
```

Using `docker run --rm sha256:b92402b29db56f1bbace74c369bedef5ee296a76fd8545426255247da70ce21a` instead works as expected.

I haven't been able to pinpoint the exact change yet as this seems not to be mentioned in https://github.com/docker/docker-ce/blob/0fc7084265b3786a5867ec311d3f916af7bf7a23/CHANGELOG.md

Created an issue with docker to clarify whether this is a regression or a planned change docker/cli#2815

----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

packages/@aws-cdk/core/lib/bundling.ts

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export class BundlingDockerImage {
 
     const docker = dockerExec(dockerArgs);
 
-    const match = docker.stdout.toString().match(/sha256:([a-z0-9]+)/);
+    const match = docker.stdout.toString().match(/sha256:[a-z0-9]+/);
 
     if (!match) {
       throw new Error('Failed to extract image ID from Docker build output');
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export class BundlingDockerImage {
     // different every time the Docker layer cache is cleared, due primarily to
     // timestamps.
     const hash = FileSystem.fingerprint(path, { extraHash: JSON.stringify(options) });
-    return new BundlingDockerImage(match[1], hash);
+    return new BundlingDockerImage(match[0], hash);
   }
 
   /** @param image The Docker image */

packages/@aws-cdk/core/test/bundling.test.ts

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ nodeunitShim({
   },
 
   'bundling with image from asset'(test: Test) {
-    const imageId = 'abcdef123456';
+    const imageId = 'sha256:abcdef123456';
     const spawnSyncStub = sinon.stub(child_process, 'spawnSync').returns({
       status: 0,
       stderr: Buffer.from('stderr'),
-      stdout: Buffer.from(`sha256:${imageId}`),
+      stdout: Buffer.from(imageId),
       pid: 123,
       output: ['stdout', 'stderr'],
       signal: null,
@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ nodeunitShim({
   },
 
   'BundlerDockerImage json is the bundler image if building an image'(test: Test) {
-    const imageId = 'abcdef123456';
+    const imageId = 'sha256:abcdef123456';
     sinon.stub(child_process, 'spawnSync').returns({
       status: 0,
       stderr: Buffer.from('stderr'),
-      stdout: Buffer.from(`sha256:${imageId}`),
+      stdout: Buffer.from(imageId),
       pid: 123,
       output: ['stdout', 'stderr'],
       signal: null,