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syntax.txt
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syntax.txt
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*syntax.txt* For Vim version 7.3a. Last change: 2010 May 14
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Syntax highlighting *syntax* *syntax-highlighting* *coloring*
Syntax highlighting enables Vim to show parts of the text in another font or
color. Those parts can be specific keywords or text matching a pattern. Vim
doesn't parse the whole file (to keep it fast), so the highlighting has its
limitations. Lexical highlighting might be a better name, but since everybody
calls it syntax highlighting we'll stick with that.
Vim supports syntax highlighting on all terminals. But since most ordinary
terminals have very limited highlighting possibilities, it works best in the
GUI version, gvim.
In the User Manual:
|usr_06.txt| introduces syntax highlighting.
|usr_44.txt| introduces writing a syntax file.
1. Quick start |:syn-qstart|
2. Syntax files |:syn-files|
3. Syntax loading procedure |syntax-loading|
4. Syntax file remarks |:syn-file-remarks|
5. Defining a syntax |:syn-define|
6. :syntax arguments |:syn-arguments|
7. Syntax patterns |:syn-pattern|
8. Syntax clusters |:syn-cluster|
9. Including syntax files |:syn-include|
10. Synchronizing |:syn-sync|
11. Listing syntax items |:syntax|
12. Highlight command |:highlight|
13. Linking groups |:highlight-link|
14. Cleaning up |:syn-clear|
15. Highlighting tags |tag-highlight|
16. Color xterms |xterm-color|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
Syntax highlighting is not available when the |+syntax| feature has been
disabled at compile time.
==============================================================================
1. Quick start *:syn-qstart*
*:syn-enable* *:syntax-enable*
This command switches on syntax highlighting: >
:syntax enable
What this command actually does is to execute the command >
:source $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/syntax.vim
If the VIM environment variable is not set, Vim will try to find
the path in another way (see |$VIMRUNTIME|). Usually this works just
fine. If it doesn't, try setting the VIM environment variable to the
directory where the Vim stuff is located. For example, if your syntax files
are in the "/usr/vim/vim50/syntax" directory, set $VIMRUNTIME to
"/usr/vim/vim50". You must do this in the shell, before starting Vim.
*:syn-on* *:syntax-on*
The ":syntax enable" command will keep your current color settings. This
allows using ":highlight" commands to set your preferred colors before or
after using this command. If you want Vim to overrule your settings with the
defaults, use: >
:syntax on
<
*:hi-normal* *:highlight-normal*
If you are running in the GUI, you can get white text on a black background
with: >
:highlight Normal guibg=Black guifg=White
For a color terminal see |:hi-normal-cterm|.
For setting up your own colors syntax highlighting see |syncolor|.
NOTE: The syntax files on MS-DOS and Windows have lines that end in <CR><NL>.
The files for Unix end in <NL>. This means you should use the right type of
file for your system. Although on MS-DOS and Windows the right format is
automatically selected if the 'fileformats' option is not empty.
NOTE: When using reverse video ("gvim -fg white -bg black"), the default value
of 'background' will not be set until the GUI window is opened, which is after
reading the |gvimrc|. This will cause the wrong default highlighting to be
used. To set the default value of 'background' before switching on
highlighting, include the ":gui" command in the |gvimrc|: >
:gui " open window and set default for 'background'
:syntax on " start highlighting, use 'background' to set colors
NOTE: Using ":gui" in the |gvimrc| means that "gvim -f" won't start in the
foreground! Use ":gui -f" then.
You can toggle the syntax on/off with this command >
:if exists("syntax_on") | syntax off | else | syntax enable | endif
To put this into a mapping, you can use: >
:map <F7> :if exists("syntax_on") <Bar>
\ syntax off <Bar>
\ else <Bar>
\ syntax enable <Bar>
\ endif <CR>
[using the |<>| notation, type this literally]
Details:
The ":syntax" commands are implemented by sourcing a file. To see exactly how
this works, look in the file:
command file ~
:syntax enable $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/syntax.vim
:syntax on $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/syntax.vim
:syntax manual $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/manual.vim
:syntax off $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/nosyntax.vim
Also see |syntax-loading|.
NOTE: If displaying long lines is slow and switching off syntax highlighting
makes it fast, consider setting the 'synmaxcol' option to a lower value.
==============================================================================
2. Syntax files *:syn-files*
The syntax and highlighting commands for one language are normally stored in
a syntax file. The name convention is: "{name}.vim". Where {name} is the
name of the language, or an abbreviation (to fit the name in 8.3 characters,
a requirement in case the file is used on a DOS filesystem).
Examples:
c.vim perl.vim java.vim html.vim
cpp.vim sh.vim csh.vim
The syntax file can contain any Ex commands, just like a vimrc file. But
the idea is that only commands for a specific language are included. When a
language is a superset of another language, it may include the other one,
for example, the cpp.vim file could include the c.vim file: >
:so $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/c.vim
The .vim files are normally loaded with an autocommand. For example: >
:au Syntax c runtime! syntax/c.vim
:au Syntax cpp runtime! syntax/cpp.vim
These commands are normally in the file $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/synload.vim.
MAKING YOUR OWN SYNTAX FILES *mysyntaxfile*
When you create your own syntax files, and you want to have Vim use these
automatically with ":syntax enable", do this:
1. Create your user runtime directory. You would normally use the first item
of the 'runtimepath' option. Example for Unix: >
mkdir ~/.vim
2. Create a directory in there called "syntax". For Unix: >
mkdir ~/.vim/syntax
3. Write the Vim syntax file. Or download one from the internet. Then write
it in your syntax directory. For example, for the "mine" syntax: >
:w ~/.vim/syntax/mine.vim
Now you can start using your syntax file manually: >
:set syntax=mine
You don't have to exit Vim to use this.
If you also want Vim to detect the type of file, see |new-filetype|.
If you are setting up a system with many users and you don't want each user
to add the same syntax file, you can use another directory from 'runtimepath'.
ADDING TO AN EXISTING SYNTAX FILE *mysyntaxfile-add*
If you are mostly satisfied with an existing syntax file, but would like to
add a few items or change the highlighting, follow these steps:
1. Create your user directory from 'runtimepath', see above.
2. Create a directory in there called "after/syntax". For Unix: >
mkdir ~/.vim/after
mkdir ~/.vim/after/syntax
3. Write a Vim script that contains the commands you want to use. For
example, to change the colors for the C syntax: >
highlight cComment ctermfg=Green guifg=Green
4. Write that file in the "after/syntax" directory. Use the name of the
syntax, with ".vim" added. For our C syntax: >
:w ~/.vim/after/syntax/c.vim
That's it. The next time you edit a C file the Comment color will be
different. You don't even have to restart Vim.
If you have multiple files, you can use the filetype as the directory name.
All the "*.vim" files in this directory will be used, for example:
~/.vim/after/syntax/c/one.vim
~/.vim/after/syntax/c/two.vim
REPLACING AN EXISTING SYNTAX FILE *mysyntaxfile-replace*
If you don't like a distributed syntax file, or you have downloaded a new
version, follow the same steps as for |mysyntaxfile| above. Just make sure
that you write the syntax file in a directory that is early in 'runtimepath'.
Vim will only load the first syntax file found.
NAMING CONVENTIONS *group-name* *{group-name}* *E669* *W18*
A syntax group name is to be used for syntax items that match the same kind of
thing. These are then linked to a highlight group that specifies the color.
A syntax group name doesn't specify any color or attributes itself.
The name for a highlight or syntax group must consist of ASCII letters, digits
and the underscore. As a regexp: "[a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
To be able to allow each user to pick his favorite set of colors, there must
be preferred names for highlight groups that are common for many languages.
These are the suggested group names (if syntax highlighting works properly
you can see the actual color, except for "Ignore"):
*Comment any comment
*Constant any constant
String a string constant: "this is a string"
Character a character constant: 'c', '\n'
Number a number constant: 234, 0xff
Boolean a boolean constant: TRUE, false
Float a floating point constant: 2.3e10
*Identifier any variable name
Function function name (also: methods for classes)
*Statement any statement
Conditional if, then, else, endif, switch, etc.
Repeat for, do, while, etc.
Label case, default, etc.
Operator "sizeof", "+", "*", etc.
Keyword any other keyword
Exception try, catch, throw
*PreProc generic Preprocessor
Include preprocessor #include
Define preprocessor #define
Macro same as Define
PreCondit preprocessor #if, #else, #endif, etc.
*Type int, long, char, etc.
StorageClass static, register, volatile, etc.
Structure struct, union, enum, etc.
Typedef A typedef
*Special any special symbol
SpecialChar special character in a constant
Tag you can use CTRL-] on this
Delimiter character that needs attention
SpecialComment special things inside a comment
Debug debugging statements
*Underlined text that stands out, HTML links
*Ignore left blank, hidden
*Error any erroneous construct
*Todo anything that needs extra attention; mostly the
keywords TODO FIXME and XXX
The names marked with * are the preferred groups; the others are minor groups.
For the preferred groups, the "syntax.vim" file contains default highlighting.
The minor groups are linked to the preferred groups, so they get the same
highlighting. You can override these defaults by using ":highlight" commands
after sourcing the "syntax.vim" file.
Note that highlight group names are not case sensitive. "String" and "string"
can be used for the same group.
The following names are reserved and cannot be used as a group name:
NONE ALL ALLBUT contains contained
==============================================================================
3. Syntax loading procedure *syntax-loading*
This explains the details that happen when the command ":syntax enable" is
issued. When Vim initializes itself, it finds out where the runtime files are
located. This is used here as the variable |$VIMRUNTIME|.
":syntax enable" and ":syntax on" do the following:
Source $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/syntax.vim
|
+- Clear out any old syntax by sourcing $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/nosyntax.vim
|
+- Source first syntax/synload.vim in 'runtimepath'
| |
| +- Setup the colors for syntax highlighting. If a color scheme is
| | defined it is loaded again with ":colors {name}". Otherwise
| | ":runtime! syntax/syncolor.vim" is used. ":syntax on" overrules
| | existing colors, ":syntax enable" only sets groups that weren't
| | set yet.
| |
| +- Set up syntax autocmds to load the appropriate syntax file when
| | the 'syntax' option is set. *synload-1*
| |
| +- Source the user's optional file, from the |mysyntaxfile| variable.
| This is for backwards compatibility with Vim 5.x only. *synload-2*
|
+- Do ":filetype on", which does ":runtime! filetype.vim". It loads any
| filetype.vim files found. It should always Source
| $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim, which does the following.
| |
| +- Install autocmds based on suffix to set the 'filetype' option
| | This is where the connection between file name and file type is
| | made for known file types. *synload-3*
| |
| +- Source the user's optional file, from the *myfiletypefile*
| | variable. This is for backwards compatibility with Vim 5.x only.
| | *synload-4*
| |
| +- Install one autocommand which sources scripts.vim when no file
| | type was detected yet. *synload-5*
| |
| +- Source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim, to setup the Syntax menu. |menu.vim|
|
+- Install a FileType autocommand to set the 'syntax' option when a file
| type has been detected. *synload-6*
|
+- Execute syntax autocommands to start syntax highlighting for each
already loaded buffer.
Upon loading a file, Vim finds the relevant syntax file as follows:
Loading the file triggers the BufReadPost autocommands.
|
+- If there is a match with one of the autocommands from |synload-3|
| (known file types) or |synload-4| (user's file types), the 'filetype'
| option is set to the file type.
|
+- The autocommand at |synload-5| is triggered. If the file type was not
| found yet, then scripts.vim is searched for in 'runtimepath'. This
| should always load $VIMRUNTIME/scripts.vim, which does the following.
| |
| +- Source the user's optional file, from the *myscriptsfile*
| | variable. This is for backwards compatibility with Vim 5.x only.
| |
| +- If the file type is still unknown, check the contents of the file,
| again with checks like "getline(1) =~ pattern" as to whether the
| file type can be recognized, and set 'filetype'.
|
+- When the file type was determined and 'filetype' was set, this
| triggers the FileType autocommand |synload-6| above. It sets
| 'syntax' to the determined file type.
|
+- When the 'syntax' option was set above, this triggers an autocommand
| from |synload-1| (and |synload-2|). This find the main syntax file in
| 'runtimepath', with this command:
| runtime! syntax/<name>.vim
|
+- Any other user installed FileType or Syntax autocommands are
triggered. This can be used to change the highlighting for a specific
syntax.
==============================================================================
4. Syntax file remarks *:syn-file-remarks*
*b:current_syntax-variable*
Vim stores the name of the syntax that has been loaded in the
"b:current_syntax" variable. You can use this if you want to load other
settings, depending on which syntax is active. Example: >
:au BufReadPost * if b:current_syntax == "csh"
:au BufReadPost * do-some-things
:au BufReadPost * endif
2HTML *2html.vim* *convert-to-HTML*
This is not a syntax file itself, but a script that converts the current
window into HTML. Vim opens a new window in which it builds the HTML file.
You are not supposed to set the 'filetype' or 'syntax' option to "2html"!
Source the script to convert the current file: >
:runtime! syntax/2html.vim
<
Warning: This is slow!
*:TOhtml*
Or use the ":TOhtml" user command. It is defined in a standard plugin.
":TOhtml" also works with a range and in a Visual area: >
:10,40TOhtml
After you save the resulting file, you can view it with any browser. The
colors should be exactly the same as you see them in Vim.
To restrict the conversion to a range of lines set "html_start_line" and
"html_end_line" to the first and last line to be converted. Example, using
the last set Visual area: >
:let html_start_line = line("'<")
:let html_end_line = line("'>")
The lines are numbered according to 'number' option and the Number
highlighting. You can force lines to be numbered in the HTML output by
setting "html_number_lines" to non-zero value: >
:let html_number_lines = 1
Force to omit the line numbers by using a zero value: >
:let html_number_lines = 0
Go back to the default to use 'number' by deleting the variable: >
:unlet html_number_lines
By default, HTML optimized for old browsers is generated. If you prefer using
cascading style sheets (CSS1) for the attributes (resulting in considerably
shorter and valid HTML 4 file), use: >
:let html_use_css = 1
Closed folds are put in the HTML as they are displayed. If you don't want
this, use the |zR| command before invoking 2html, or use: >
:let html_ignore_folding = 1
You may want to generate HTML that includes all the data within the folds, and
allow the user to view the folded data similar to how they would in Vim. To
generate this dynamic fold information, use: >
:let html_dynamic_folds = 1
Using html_dynamic_folds will imply html_use_css, because it would be far too
difficult to do it for old browsers. However, html_ignore_folding overrides
html_dynamic_folds.
Using html_dynamic_folds will default to generating a foldcolumn in the html
similar to Vim's foldcolumn, that will use javascript to open and close the
folds in the HTML document. The width of this foldcolumn starts at the current
setting of |'foldcolumn'| but grows to fit the greatest foldlevel in your
document. If you do not want to show a foldcolumn at all, use: >
:let html_no_foldcolumn = 1
Using this option, there will be no foldcolumn available to open the folds in
the HTML. For this reason, another option is provided: html_hover_unfold.
Enabling this option will use CSS 2.0 to allow a user to open a fold by
hovering the mouse pointer over it. Note that old browsers (notably Internet
Explorer 6) will not support this feature. Browser-specific markup for IE6 is
included to fall back to the normal CSS1 code so that the folds show up
correctly for this browser, but they will not be openable without a
foldcolumn. Note that using html_hover_unfold will allow modern browsers with
disabled javascript to view closed folds. To use this option, use: >
:let html_hover_unfold = 1
Setting html_no_foldcolumn with html_dynamic_folds will automatically set
html_hover_unfold, because otherwise the folds wouldn't be dynamic.
By default "<pre>" and "</pre>" is used around the text. This makes it show
up as you see it in Vim, but without wrapping. If you prefer wrapping, at the
risk of making some things look a bit different, use: >
:let html_no_pre = 1
This will use <br> at the end of each line and use " " for repeated
spaces.
The current value of 'encoding' is used to specify the charset of the HTML
file. This only works for those values of 'encoding' that have an equivalent
HTML charset name. To overrule this set g:html_use_encoding to the name of
the charset to be used: >
:let html_use_encoding = "foobar"
To omit the line that specifies the charset, set g:html_use_encoding to an
empty string: >
:let html_use_encoding = ""
To go back to the automatic mechanism, delete the g:html_use_encoding
variable: >
:unlet html_use_encoding
<
For diff mode a sequence of more than 3 filler lines is displayed as three
lines with the middle line mentioning the total number of inserted lines. If
you prefer to see all the inserted lines use: >
:let html_whole_filler = 1
And to go back to displaying up to three lines again: >
:unlet html_whole_filler
<
*convert-to-XML* *convert-to-XHTML*
An alternative is to have the script generate XHTML (XML compliant HTML). To
do this set the "use_xhtml" variable: >
:let use_xhtml = 1
To disable it again delete the variable: >
:unlet use_xhtml
The generated XHTML file can be used in DocBook XML documents. See:
http://people.mech.kuleuven.ac.be/~pissaris/howto/src2db.html
Remarks:
- This only works in a version with GUI support. If the GUI is not actually
running (possible for X11) it still works, but not very well (the colors
may be wrong).
- Older browsers will not show the background colors.
- From most browsers you can also print the file (in color)!
Here is an example how to run the script over all .c and .h files from a
Unix shell: >
for f in *.[ch]; do gvim -f +"syn on" +"run! syntax/2html.vim" +"wq" +"q" $f; done
<
ABEL *abel.vim* *ft-abel-syntax*
ABEL highlighting provides some user-defined options. To enable them, assign
any value to the respective variable. Example: >
:let abel_obsolete_ok=1
To disable them use ":unlet". Example: >
:unlet abel_obsolete_ok
Variable Highlight ~
abel_obsolete_ok obsolete keywords are statements, not errors
abel_cpp_comments_illegal do not interpret '//' as inline comment leader
ADA
See |ft-ada-syntax|
ANT *ant.vim* *ft-ant-syntax*
The ant syntax file provides syntax highlighting for javascript and python
by default. Syntax highlighting for other script languages can be installed
by the function AntSyntaxScript(), which takes the tag name as first argument
and the script syntax file name as second argument. Example: >
:call AntSyntaxScript('perl', 'perl.vim')
will install syntax perl highlighting for the following ant code >
<script language = 'perl'><![CDATA[
# everything inside is highlighted as perl
]]></script>
See |mysyntaxfile-add| for installing script languages permanently.
APACHE *apache.vim* *ft-apache-syntax*
The apache syntax file provides syntax highlighting depending on Apache HTTP
server version, by default for 1.3.x. Set "apache_version" to Apache version
(as a string) to get highlighting for another version. Example: >
:let apache_version = "2.0"
<
*asm.vim* *asmh8300.vim* *nasm.vim* *masm.vim* *asm68k*
ASSEMBLY *ft-asm-syntax* *ft-asmh8300-syntax* *ft-nasm-syntax*
*ft-masm-syntax* *ft-asm68k-syntax* *fasm.vim*
Files matching "*.i" could be Progress or Assembly. If the automatic detection
doesn't work for you, or you don't edit Progress at all, use this in your
startup vimrc: >
:let filetype_i = "asm"
Replace "asm" with the type of assembly you use.
There are many types of assembly languages that all use the same file name
extensions. Therefore you will have to select the type yourself, or add a
line in the assembly file that Vim will recognize. Currently these syntax
files are included:
asm GNU assembly (the default)
asm68k Motorola 680x0 assembly
asmh8300 Hitachi H-8300 version of GNU assembly
ia64 Intel Itanium 64
fasm Flat assembly (http://flatassembler.net)
masm Microsoft assembly (probably works for any 80x86)
nasm Netwide assembly
tasm Turbo Assembly (with opcodes 80x86 up to Pentium, and
MMX)
pic PIC assembly (currently for PIC16F84)
The most flexible is to add a line in your assembly file containing: >
asmsyntax=nasm
Replace "nasm" with the name of the real assembly syntax. This line must be
one of the first five lines in the file. No non-white text must be
immediately before or after this text.
The syntax type can always be overruled for a specific buffer by setting the
b:asmsyntax variable: >
:let b:asmsyntax = "nasm"
If b:asmsyntax is not set, either automatically or by hand, then the value of
the global variable asmsyntax is used. This can be seen as a default assembly
language: >
:let asmsyntax = "nasm"
As a last resort, if nothing is defined, the "asm" syntax is used.
Netwide assembler (nasm.vim) optional highlighting ~
To enable a feature: >
:let {variable}=1|set syntax=nasm
To disable a feature: >
:unlet {variable} |set syntax=nasm
Variable Highlight ~
nasm_loose_syntax unofficial parser allowed syntax not as Error
(parser dependent; not recommended)
nasm_ctx_outside_macro contexts outside macro not as Error
nasm_no_warn potentially risky syntax not as ToDo
ASPPERL and ASPVBS *ft-aspperl-syntax* *ft-aspvbs-syntax*
*.asp and *.asa files could be either Perl or Visual Basic script. Since it's
hard to detect this you can set two global variables to tell Vim what you are
using. For Perl script use: >
:let g:filetype_asa = "aspperl"
:let g:filetype_asp = "aspperl"
For Visual Basic use: >
:let g:filetype_asa = "aspvbs"
:let g:filetype_asp = "aspvbs"
BAAN *baan.vim* *baan-syntax*
The baan.vim gives syntax support for BaanC of release BaanIV upto SSA ERP LN
for both 3 GL and 4 GL programming. Large number of standard defines/constants
are supported.
Some special violation of coding standards will be signalled when one specify
in ones |.vimrc|: >
let baan_code_stds=1
*baan-folding*
Syntax folding can be enabled at various levels through the variables
mentioned below (Set those in your |.vimrc|). The more complex folding on
source blocks and SQL can be CPU intensive.
To allow any folding and enable folding at function level use: >
let baan_fold=1
Folding can be enabled at source block level as if, while, for ,... The
indentation preceding the begin/end keywords has to match (spaces are not
considered equal to a tab). >
let baan_fold_block=1
Folding can be enabled for embedded SQL blocks as SELECT, SELECTDO,
SELECTEMPTY, ... The indentation preceding the begin/end keywords has to
match (spaces are not considered equal to a tab). >
let baan_fold_sql=1
Note: Block folding can result in many small folds. It is suggested to |:set|
the options 'foldminlines' and 'foldnestmax' in |.vimrc| or use |:setlocal| in
.../after/syntax/baan.vim (see |after-directory|). Eg: >
set foldminlines=5
set foldnestmax=6
BASIC *basic.vim* *vb.vim* *ft-basic-syntax* *ft-vb-syntax*
Both Visual Basic and "normal" basic use the extension ".bas". To detect
which one should be used, Vim checks for the string "VB_Name" in the first
five lines of the file. If it is not found, filetype will be "basic",
otherwise "vb". Files with the ".frm" extension will always be seen as Visual
Basic.
C *c.vim* *ft-c-syntax*
A few things in C highlighting are optional. To enable them assign any value
to the respective variable. Example: >
:let c_comment_strings = 1
To disable them use ":unlet". Example: >
:unlet c_comment_strings
Variable Highlight ~
c_gnu GNU gcc specific items
c_comment_strings strings and numbers inside a comment
c_space_errors trailing white space and spaces before a <Tab>
c_no_trail_space_error ... but no trailing spaces
c_no_tab_space_error ... but no spaces before a <Tab>
c_no_bracket_error don't highlight {}; inside [] as errors
c_no_curly_error don't highlight {}; inside [] and () as errors;
except { and } in first column
c_curly_error highlight a missing }; this forces syncing from the
start of the file, can be slow
c_no_ansi don't do standard ANSI types and constants
c_ansi_typedefs ... but do standard ANSI types
c_ansi_constants ... but do standard ANSI constants
c_no_utf don't highlight \u and \U in strings
c_syntax_for_h use C syntax for *.h files, instead of C++
c_no_if0 don't highlight "#if 0" blocks as comments
c_no_cformat don't highlight %-formats in strings
c_no_c99 don't highlight C99 standard items
When 'foldmethod' is set to "syntax" then /* */ comments and { } blocks will
become a fold. If you don't want comments to become a fold use: >
:let c_no_comment_fold = 1
"#if 0" blocks are also folded, unless: >
:let c_no_if0_fold = 1
If you notice highlighting errors while scrolling backwards, which are fixed
when redrawing with CTRL-L, try setting the "c_minlines" internal variable
to a larger number: >
:let c_minlines = 100
This will make the syntax synchronization start 100 lines before the first
displayed line. The default value is 50 (15 when c_no_if0 is set). The
disadvantage of using a larger number is that redrawing can become slow.
When using the "#if 0" / "#endif" comment highlighting, notice that this only
works when the "#if 0" is within "c_minlines" from the top of the window. If
you have a long "#if 0" construct it will not be highlighted correctly.
To match extra items in comments, use the cCommentGroup cluster.
Example: >
:au Syntax c call MyCadd()
:function MyCadd()
: syn keyword cMyItem contained Ni
: syn cluster cCommentGroup add=cMyItem
: hi link cMyItem Title
:endfun
ANSI constants will be highlighted with the "cConstant" group. This includes
"NULL", "SIG_IGN" and others. But not "TRUE", for example, because this is
not in the ANSI standard. If you find this confusing, remove the cConstant
highlighting: >
:hi link cConstant NONE
If you see '{' and '}' highlighted as an error where they are OK, reset the
highlighting for cErrInParen and cErrInBracket.
If you want to use folding in your C files, you can add these lines in a file
an the "after" directory in 'runtimepath'. For Unix this would be
~/.vim/after/syntax/c.vim. >
syn sync fromstart
set foldmethod=syntax
CH *ch.vim* *ft-ch-syntax*
C/C++ interpreter. Ch has similar syntax highlighting to C and builds upon
the C syntax file. See |c.vim| for all the settings that are available for C.
By setting a variable you can tell Vim to use Ch syntax for *.h files, instead
of C or C++: >
:let ch_syntax_for_h = 1
CHILL *chill.vim* *ft-chill-syntax*
Chill syntax highlighting is similar to C. See |c.vim| for all the settings
that are available. Additionally there is:
chill_space_errors like c_space_errors
chill_comment_string like c_comment_strings
chill_minlines like c_minlines
CHANGELOG *changelog.vim* *ft-changelog-syntax*
ChangeLog supports highlighting spaces at the start of a line.
If you do not like this, add following line to your .vimrc: >
let g:changelog_spacing_errors = 0
This works the next time you edit a changelog file. You can also use
"b:changelog_spacing_errors" to set this per buffer (before loading the syntax
file).
You can change the highlighting used, e.g., to flag the spaces as an error: >
:hi link ChangelogError Error
Or to avoid the highlighting: >
:hi link ChangelogError NONE
This works immediately.
COBOL *cobol.vim* *ft-cobol-syntax*
COBOL highlighting has different needs for legacy code than it does for fresh
development. This is due to differences in what is being done (maintenance
versus development) and other factors. To enable legacy code highlighting,
add this line to your .vimrc: >
:let cobol_legacy_code = 1
To disable it again, use this: >
:unlet cobol_legacy_code
COLD FUSION *coldfusion.vim* *ft-coldfusion-syntax*
The ColdFusion has its own version of HTML comments. To turn on ColdFusion
comment highlighting, add the following line to your startup file: >
:let html_wrong_comments = 1
The ColdFusion syntax file is based on the HTML syntax file.
CSH *csh.vim* *ft-csh-syntax*
This covers the shell named "csh". Note that on some systems tcsh is actually
used.
Detecting whether a file is csh or tcsh is notoriously hard. Some systems
symlink /bin/csh to /bin/tcsh, making it almost impossible to distinguish
between csh and tcsh. In case VIM guesses wrong you can set the
"filetype_csh" variable. For using csh: >
:let filetype_csh = "csh"
For using tcsh: >
:let filetype_csh = "tcsh"
Any script with a tcsh extension or a standard tcsh filename (.tcshrc,
tcsh.tcshrc, tcsh.login) will have filetype tcsh. All other tcsh/csh scripts
will be classified as tcsh, UNLESS the "filetype_csh" variable exists. If the
"filetype_csh" variable exists, the filetype will be set to the value of the
variable.
CYNLIB *cynlib.vim* *ft-cynlib-syntax*
Cynlib files are C++ files that use the Cynlib class library to enable
hardware modelling and simulation using C++. Typically Cynlib files have a .cc
or a .cpp extension, which makes it very difficult to distinguish them from a
normal C++ file. Thus, to enable Cynlib highlighting for .cc files, add this
line to your .vimrc file: >
:let cynlib_cyntax_for_cc=1
Similarly for cpp files (this extension is only usually used in Windows) >
:let cynlib_cyntax_for_cpp=1
To disable these again, use this: >
:unlet cynlib_cyntax_for_cc
:unlet cynlib_cyntax_for_cpp
<
CWEB *cweb.vim* *ft-cweb-syntax*
Files matching "*.w" could be Progress or cweb. If the automatic detection
doesn't work for you, or you don't edit Progress at all, use this in your
startup vimrc: >
:let filetype_w = "cweb"
DESKTOP *desktop.vim* *ft-desktop-syntax*
Primary goal of this syntax file is to highlight .desktop and .directory files
according to freedesktop.org standard: http://pdx.freedesktop.org/Standards/
But actually almost none implements this standard fully. Thus it will
highlight all Unix ini files. But you can force strict highlighting according
to standard by placing this in your vimrc file: >
:let enforce_freedesktop_standard = 1
DIRCOLORS *dircolors.vim* *ft-dircolors-syntax*
The dircolors utility highlighting definition has one option. It exists to
provide compatibility with the Slackware GNU/Linux distributions version of
the command. It adds a few keywords that are generally ignored by most
versions. On Slackware systems, however, the utility accepts the keywords and
uses them for processing. To enable the Slackware keywords add the following
line to your startup file: >
let dircolors_is_slackware = 1
DOCBOOK *docbk.vim* *ft-docbk-syntax* *docbook*
DOCBOOK XML *docbkxml.vim* *ft-docbkxml-syntax*
DOCBOOK SGML *docbksgml.vim* *ft-docbksgml-syntax*
There are two types of DocBook files: SGML and XML. To specify what type you
are using the "b:docbk_type" variable should be set. Vim does this for you
automatically if it can recognize the type. When Vim can't guess it the type
defaults to XML.
You can set the type manually: >
:let docbk_type = "sgml"
or: >
:let docbk_type = "xml"
You need to do this before loading the syntax file, which is complicated.
Simpler is setting the filetype to "docbkxml" or "docbksgml": >
:set filetype=docbksgml
or: >
:set filetype=docbkxml
DOSBATCH *dosbatch.vim* *ft-dosbatch-syntax*
There is one option with highlighting DOS batch files. This covers new
extensions to the Command Interpreter introduced with Windows 2000 and
is controlled by the variable dosbatch_cmdextversion. For Windows NT
this should have the value 1, and for Windows 2000 it should be 2.
Select the version you want with the following line: >
:let dosbatch_cmdextversion = 1
If this variable is not defined it defaults to a value of 2 to support
Windows 2000.
A second option covers whether *.btm files should be detected as type
"dosbatch" (MS-DOS batch files) or type "btm" (4DOS batch files). The latter
is used by default. You may select the former with the following line: >
:let g:dosbatch_syntax_for_btm = 1
If this variable is undefined or zero, btm syntax is selected.
DOXYGEN *doxygen.vim* *doxygen-syntax*
Doxygen generates code documentation using a special documentation format
(similar to Javadoc). This syntax script adds doxygen highlighting to c, cpp,
idl and php files, and should also work with java.
There are a few of ways to turn on doxygen formatting. It can be done
explicitly or in a modeline by appending '.doxygen' to the syntax of the file.
Example: >
:set syntax=c.doxygen
or >
// vim:syntax=c.doxygen
It can also be done automatically for c, cpp and idl files by setting the
global or buffer-local variable load_doxygen_syntax. This is done by adding
the following to your .vimrc. >
:let g:load_doxygen_syntax=1
There are a couple of variables that have an affect on syntax highlighting, and
are to do with non-standard highlighting options.
Variable Default Effect ~
g:doxygen_enhanced_color
g:doxygen_enhanced_colour 0 Use non-standard highlighting for
doxygen comments.
doxygen_my_rendering 0 Disable rendering of HTML bold, italic
and html_my_rendering underline.
doxygen_javadoc_autobrief 1 Set to 0 to disable javadoc autobrief
colour highlighting.
doxygen_end_punctuation '[.]' Set to regexp match for the ending
punctuation of brief
There are also some hilight groups worth mentioning as they can be useful in
configuration.
Highlight Effect ~
doxygenErrorComment The colour of an end-comment when missing
punctuation in a code, verbatim or dot section
doxygenLinkError The colour of an end-comment when missing the
\endlink from a \link section.
DTD *dtd.vim* *ft-dtd-syntax*
The DTD syntax highlighting is case sensitive by default. To disable
case-sensitive highlighting, add the following line to your startup file: >
:let dtd_ignore_case=1
The DTD syntax file will highlight unknown tags as errors. If
this is annoying, it can be turned off by setting: >
:let dtd_no_tag_errors=1
before sourcing the dtd.vim syntax file.
Parameter entity names are highlighted in the definition using the
'Type' highlighting group and 'Comment' for punctuation and '%'.
Parameter entity instances are highlighted using the 'Constant'
highlighting group and the 'Type' highlighting group for the
delimiters % and ;. This can be turned off by setting: >
:let dtd_no_param_entities=1
The DTD syntax file is also included by xml.vim to highlight included dtd's.
EIFFEL *eiffel.vim* *ft-eiffel-syntax*
While Eiffel is not case-sensitive, its style guidelines are, and the
syntax highlighting file encourages their use. This also allows to
highlight class names differently. If you want to disable case-sensitive
highlighting, add the following line to your startup file: >
:let eiffel_ignore_case=1
Case still matters for class names and TODO marks in comments.
Conversely, for even stricter checks, add one of the following lines: >
:let eiffel_strict=1
:let eiffel_pedantic=1
Setting eiffel_strict will only catch improper capitalization for the
five predefined words "Current", "Void", "Result", "Precursor", and
"NONE", to warn against their accidental use as feature or class names.
Setting eiffel_pedantic will enforce adherence to the Eiffel style
guidelines fairly rigorously (like arbitrary mixes of upper- and
lowercase letters as well as outdated ways to capitalize keywords).
If you want to use the lower-case version of "Current", "Void",
"Result", and "Precursor", you can use >
:let eiffel_lower_case_predef=1
instead of completely turning case-sensitive highlighting off.
Support for ISE's proposed new creation syntax that is already
experimentally handled by some compilers can be enabled by: >
:let eiffel_ise=1
Finally, some vendors support hexadecimal constants. To handle them, add >
:let eiffel_hex_constants=1
to your startup file.