The database of regional organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst events. This is DINOSTRAT version 2.0, with data predating March 2023, updated in March 2023.
Updates: All ages were converted to the Geologic Time Scale 2020, the dinoflagellate cyst events from a series of papers were added (including a new dinocyst surface sediment dataset from the Antarctic continental margin), figure look and feel are improved.
Please cite Bijl, 2022 Earth System Science Data when using this database.
DINOSTRAT consists of 4 data frames:
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Paleolatitude.csv This dataframe hosts the modern geographic position and paleolatitudinal evolution of sedimentary sections or outcrops used in this review. Explanation of columns: source (chr): the citation of the paper that presents dinocyst events from this location; geography (chr): geographic region, or country of the study; core or outcrop (chr): whether the study presents data from a core or an outcrop, or both; location (chr): unique name for each geographic location; lat (dbl): present-day latitude of that location; long (dbl): present-day longitude of that location; age (dbl): the age of the paleolatitude of that location; paleolatitude (dbl): the paleotatitude of that location and age; lower (dbl): the lower uncertainty limit of that paleolatitude; upper (dbl): the upper uncertainty limit of that paleolatitude; interpolated (lgl): if TRUE, the paleolatitude was interpolated between 10 million year tie points, if FALSE, the paleolatitude is from a 10 million year tie point. For more information see paleolatitude.org and Van Hinsbergen et al., 2015; stable (lgl): if TRUE, the site is on a stable, passive plate, and the paleolatitude calculation came from paleolatitude.org. If FALSE, the site is in an unstable plate boundary or orogenic zone, and different sources were used to estimate its paleolatitudinal evolution. See pal_lat source; tier (chr): the tier of calibration. For further information, see Bijl, submittes Earth System Science Data; pal_lat source (chr): indicates the source of the paleolatitude evolution of the site.
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modernst.csv This dataframe hosts the surface sediment sample locations. Source for this data is Marret et al., 2020, references therein, Mertens et al., 2014, and Thöle et al., 2023. The modified datasets from those sources are used here. Explanation of columns: source (chr): source of the surface sediment location; location (chr): a unique name for each surface sediment station; lat (dbl): present-day latitude of that station; long (dbl): present-day longitude of that station;
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Dinoevents_Feb_23.csv This data frame hosts the regional dinoflagellate cyst events, their calibration to the GTS2020, their age and paleolatitude. Explanation of columns: location (chr): Location of the event. corresponds to location column in Paleolatitude.csv; family (chr): The taxonomic Family of the species based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017). [misc] contain species that are likely or certainly no dinocysts; subfamily (chr): The taxonomic subfamily of the species. If none were formally described, it says [all]. Some small subfamilies were lumped into a restgroup "other"; genus (chr): The taxonomic genus of the species based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017), with exceptions (see text in Bijl, 2022); species (chr): The taxonomic species name of based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017), with exceptions (see text in Bijl, 2022); subspecies (chr): The taxonomic subspecies name of based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017), with exceptions (see text in Bijl, 2022). [NA] if no subspecies applies; original entry (chr): the calibration of that event as recorded from the Source; source (chr): study that presented the event; calibration (chr): calibration of the event to the Geologic Time Scale 2020 (Gradstein et al., 2020); FO_LO (chr): [FO] if the event is a first stratigraphic occurrence, [LO] if the event is a last stratigraphic occurrence; age (dbl): Age of the event, calculated through its Calibration; pal_lat (dbl): paleolatitude of the event, interpolated from the paleolatitude of the site in Paleolatitude.csv, using its Age.
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modernsp.csv This dataframe hosts the dinocyst composition of the surface sediment sites modernst.csv. We adapted the data from Marret et al., 2020, Thöle et al., 2023 and Mertens et al., 2014. Suprageneric classification was added, Relative abundance data was converted to presence of taxa. Columns follow those of Dinoevents_Feb2023.csv Explanation of columns: family (chr): The taxonomic Family of the species based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017). [misc] contain species that are likely or certainly no dinocysts; subfamily (chr): The taxonomic subfamily of the species. If none were formally described, it says [all]. Some small subfamilies were lumped into a restgroup [other];
genus (chr): The taxonomic genus of the species based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017); species (chr): The taxonomic species name of based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017); subspecies (chr): The taxonomic subspecies name of based on Fensome et al., (1993) and Williams et al., (2017). [NA] if no subspecies applies; original entry (chr): Does not apply; source (chr): study that presented the event; calibration (chr): Surface sediment samples are calibrated to 0 Ma by default in this review; FO_LO (chr): These are by definition all [LO]; age (dbl): 0 Ma, by default; pal_lat (dbl): paleolatitude of the event, equals modern latitude of the site.
Original references of studies used in this review: Açıkalın, S., Vellekoop, J., Ocakoğlu, F., Yılmaz, İ. Ö., Smit, J., Altıner, S. Ö., Goderis, S., Vonhof, H., Speijer, R. P., Woelders, L., Fornaciari, E. and Brinkhuis, H.: Geochemical and palaeontological characterization of a new K-Pg Boundary locality from the Northern branch of the Neo-Tethys: Mudurnu – Göynük Basin, NW Turkey, Cretaceous Research, 52, 251–267, 2015. Århus, N., Birkelund, T. and Smelror, M.: Biostratigraphy of some Callovian and Oxfordian cores off Vega, Helgeland, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 69, 39–56, 1989. Aubry, A. M. R., De Schepper, S. and de Vernal, A.: Dinocyst and acritarch biostratigraphy of the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1307 in the Labrador Sea, Journal of Micropaleontology, 39(1), 41–60, doi:10.5194/jm-39-41-2020, 2020. Awad, W. K. and Oboh-Ikuenobe, F. E.: Early Paleogene dinoflagellate cysts from ODP Hole 959D, Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin, West Africa: New species, biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental implications, Journal of African Earth Science, 123, 123–144, doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.07.014, 2016. Awad, W. K. and Oboh-Ikuenobe, F. E.: Paleogene-early Neogene paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on palynological analysis of ODP Hole 959A, West Africa, Marine Micropaleontology, 148, 29–45, 2019. Bailey, D. A., Milner, P. and Varney, T.: Some dinoflagellate cysts from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation in North Yorkshire and Dorset, U.K., Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 51, 235–243, 1997. Baruffini, L., Lottaroli, F. and Torricelli, S.: Integrated high-resolution stratigraphy of the lower oligocene tusa tuffite formation in the Calabro-Lucano area and sicily (southern Italy), Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 108(3), 457–478, 2002. Besems, R.: Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of offshore NW Borneo, Geological Society of Malaysia, bulletin, 33, 65–93, 1993. Biffi, U. and Manum, S. B.: Late Eocene-Early Miocene dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy from the Marche region (Central Italy), Bulletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 27(2), 163, 1988. Bijl, P. K. and Brinkhuis, H.: A new genus and two new species of dinoflagellate cysts from lower Eocene marine sediments of the Wilkes Land Margin, Antarctica, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 220, 88–97, doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.05.004, 2015. Bijl, P. K., Sluijs, A. and Brinkhuis, H.: A magneto- chemo- stratigraphically calibrated dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the early Paleogene South Pacific Ocean, Earth-Science reviews, 124, 1–31, 2013. Bijl, P. K., Sluijs, A. and Brinkhuis, H.: Erratum to “A magneto- and chemostratigraphically calibrated dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the early Paleogene South Pacific Ocean” [Earth Sci. Rev. 124 (2013) 1-31], Earth-Science reviews, 134, 160–163, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.03.010, 2014. Bijl, P. K., Houben, A. J. P., Bruls, A., Pross, J. and Sangiorgi, F.: Stratigraphic calibration of Oligocene-Miocene organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from offshore Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, and a zonation proposal, Journal of Micropalaeontology, 37(1), 105–138, doi:10.5194/jm-37-105-2018, 2018. Bowman, V., Ineson, J., Riding, J., Crame, J., Francis, J., Condon, D., Whittle, R. and Ferraccioli, F.: The Paleocene of Antarctica: Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and implications for the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, Gondwana Research, 38, 132–148, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.018, 2016. Bowman, V. C., Francis, J. E., Riding, J. B., Hunter, S. J. and Haywood, A. M.: A latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene dinoflagellate cyst zonation from Antarctica, and implications for phytoprovincialism in the high southern latitudes, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 171, 40–56, doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.11.004, 2012. Brinkhuis, H.: Late Eocene to Early Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Priabonian type-area (northeast Italy); biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 107, 121–163, 1994. Brinkhuis, H. and Biffi, U.: Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Eocene / Oligocene transition in Central Italy, Marine Micropaleontology, 22, 131–183, 1993. Brinkhuis, H., Powell, A. J. and Zevenboom, D.: High-resolution dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Oligocene / Miocene transition interval in northwest and central Italy, in: Neogene and Quaternary Dinoflagellate Cysts and Acritarchs, edited by M. J. Head and J. H. 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Added with Version 2.0: Bujak, J., Bringué, M., Goryacheva, A. A., Lebedeva, N. K., Pestchevitskaya, E. B., Riding, J. B., and Smelror, M.: Jurassic palynoevents in the circum-Arctic region, Atlantic Geoscience, 58, 055 - 098, 10.4138/atlgeo.2022.003, 2022. Copestake, P. and Partington Mark, A.: Chapter 13. Biozonation of the Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous of the North Sea region, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 59, 387-436, 10.1144/M59-2022-61, 2023. Crouch, E. M., Clowes, C. D., Raine, J. I., Alegret, L., Cramwinckel, M. J., and Sutherland, R.: Latest Cretaceous and Paleocene biostratigraphy and paleogeography of northern Zealandia, IODP Site U1509, New Caledonia Trough, southwest Pacific, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 10.1080/00288306.2022.2090386, 2022. González Estebenet, M. S., Guler, M. V., and Pérez Panera, J. P.: Late Maastrichtian to Danian organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts and calcareous nannofossils from eastern Austral Basin, Patagonia, Argentina, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 285, 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104342, 2021. Guerrero-Murcia, L. A. and Helenes, J.: Statistic biostratigraphy and paleoecology of tropical Upper Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 115, 10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103730, 2022. Jarvis, I., Pearce, M., Püttmann, T., Voigt, S., and Walaszczyk, I.: Palynology and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Turonian – Coniacian boundary: The proposed boundary stratotype at Salzgitter-Salder, Germany and its correlation in NW Europe, Cretaceous Research, 123, 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104782, 2021. Pearce, M. A., Jarvis, I., Ball, P. J., and Laurin, J.: Palynology of the Cenomanian to lowermost Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Chalk of the Trunch Borehole (Norfolk, UK) and a new dinoflagellate cyst bioevent stratigraphy for NW Europe, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 278, 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104188, 2020. Pearce, M. A., Jarvis, I., Monkenbusch, J., Thibault, N., Ullmann, C. V., and Martinez, M.: Coniacian-Campanian palynology, carbon isotopes and clay mineralogy of the Poigny borehole (Paris Basin) and its correlation in NW Europe, Comptes Rendus - Geoscience, 354, 10.5802/crgeos.118, 2022. Thöle, L. M. N., P.D.; Hou, S.; Wang, R.; Nie, S.; Michel, E.; Sauermilch, I.; Marret, F.; Sangiorgi, F.; Bijl, P.K.: An expanded database of Southern Hemisphere surface sediment dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and their oceanographic affinities, Journal of Micropaleontology, in review, 10.31223/X54948, 2022. Torricelli, S., Menichetti, E., and Knezaurek, G.: Climate-driven dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Oligocene-lower Miocene turbidite succession of the Lower Congo Basin (offshore NW Angola), Journal of African Earth Sciences, 192, 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104536, 2022. Vasilyeva, O. N. and Musatov, V. A.: Dinoflagellate cyst and nannoplankton assemblages from the Middle Eocene Kuma Formation of Crimean Peninsula — biostratigraphy and palynofacies, Palaeoworld, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2022.11.006, 2022. Vieira, M. and Mahdi, S.: New Late Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene (Campanian–Danian) dinoflagellate cysts from the Møre Basin, offshore Norway, Palynology, 46, 1-19, 10.1080/01916122.2021.2006817, 2022. Vieira, M., Mahdi, S., and Holmes, N.: High resolution biostratigraphic zonation for the UK central North Sea Paleocene, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 117, 104400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104400, 2020.
For Paleolatitude.csv: Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Torsvik, T. H., Schmid, S. M., Maţenco, L. C., Maffione, M., Vissers, R. L. M., Gürer, D. and Spakman, W.: Orogenic architecture of the Mediterranean region and kinematic reconstruction of its tectonic evolution since the Triassic, Gondwana Research, 81, 79–229, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.009, 2020 Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., De Groot, L. V., Van Schaik, S. J., Spakman, W., Bijl, P. K., Sluijs, A., Langereis, C. G. and Brinkhuis, H.: A paleolatitude calculator for paleoclimate studies, PLOS One, 10(6), 2015. Advokaat, E. L., Marshall, N. T., Li, S., Spakman, W., Krijgsman, W. and van Hinsbergen, D. J. J.: Cenozoic Rotation History of Borneo and Sundaland, SE Asia Revealed by Paleomagnetism, Seismic Tomography, and Kinematic Reconstruction, Tectonics, 37(8), 2486–2512, doi:10.1029/2018TC005010, 2018.
References used in this readme: Bijl, P. K.: DINOSTRAT: A global database of the stratigraphic and paleolatitudinal distribution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, Earth System Science Data, 14, 579-617, 10.5194/essd-14-579-2022, 2022. Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., and Ogg, G. M.: Geologic Time Scale 2020, in, edited by: Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., and Ogg, G. M., Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824360-2.00032-2, 2020.