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physics.c
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physics.c
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/*
* See Licensing and Copyright notice in naev.h
*/
#include "physics.h"
#include "naev.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "log.h"
/*
* M I S C
*/
static double angle_cleanup( double a )
{
double na;
if (FABS(a) >= 2.*M_PI) {
na = fmod(a, 2.*M_PI);
if (a < 0.)
na += 2.*M_PI;
return na;
}
return a;
}
/**
* @brief Gets the difference between two angles.
*
* @param ref Reference angle.
* @param a Angle to get distance from ref.
*/
double angle_diff( const double ref, double a )
{
double d;
double a1, a2;
/* Get angles. */
a1 = angle_cleanup(ref);
a2 = angle_cleanup(a);
d = a2 - a1;
/* Filter offsets. */
d = (d < M_PI) ? d : d - 2.*M_PI;
d = (d > -M_PI) ? d : d + 2.*M_PI;
return d;
}
/*
*
* V E C T O R 2 D
*
*/
/**
* @brief Set the vector value using cartesian coordinates
*
* @param v Vector to set.
* @param x X value for vector.
* @param y Y value for vector.
*/
void vect_cset( Vector2d* v, const double x, const double y )
{
v->x = x;
v->y = y;
v->mod = MOD(x,y);
v->angle = ANGLE(x,y);
}
/**
* @brief Creates a minimal vector only valid for blitting and not other operations.
*
* @param v Vector to set.
* @param x X value for vector.
* @param y Y value for vector.
*/
void vect_csetmin( Vector2d* v, const double x, const double y )
{
v->x = x;
v->y = y;
}
/**
* @brief Set the vector value using polar coordinates.
*
* @param v Vector to set.
* @param mod Modulus of the vector.
* @param angle Angle of the vector.
*/
void vect_pset( Vector2d* v, const double mod, const double angle )
{
v->mod = mod;
v->angle = angle;
v->x = v->mod*cos(v->angle);
v->y = v->mod*sin(v->angle);
}
/**
* @brief Copies vector src to dest.
*
* @param dest Destination vector.
* @param src Vector to copy.
*/
void vectcpy( Vector2d* dest, const Vector2d* src )
{
dest->x = src->x;
dest->y = src->y;
dest->mod = src->mod;
dest->angle = src->angle;
}
/**
* @brief Sets a vector to NULL.
*
* @param v Vector to set to NULL.
*/
void vectnull( Vector2d* v )
{
v->x = 0.;
v->y = 0.;
v->mod = 0.;
v->angle = 0.;
}
/**
* @brief Get the direction pointed to by two vectors (from ref to v).
*
* @param ref Reference vector.
* @param v Vector to get angle from reference vector.
* @return Angle between ref and v.
*/
double vect_angle( const Vector2d* ref, const Vector2d* v )
{
double x,y;
x = v->x - ref->x;
y = v->y - ref->y;
return ANGLE( x, y );
}
/**
* @brief Adds x and y to the current vector
*
* @param v Vector to add x and y to.
* @param x X value to add to vector.
* @param y Y value to add to vector.
*/
void vect_cadd( Vector2d* v, const double x, const double y )
{
v->x += x;
v->y += y;
v->mod = MOD(v->x,v->y);
v->angle = ANGLE(v->x,v->y);
}
/**
* @brief Adds a polar 2d vector to the current vector.
*
* @param v Vector to add x and y to.
* @param m Module of vector to add.
* @param a Angle of vector to add.
*/
void vect_padd( Vector2d* v, const double m, const double a )
{
v->x += m*cos(a);
v->y += m*sin(a);
v->mod = MOD(v->x,v->y);
v->angle = ANGLE(v->x,v->y);
}
/**
* @brief Mirrors a vector off another, stores results in vector.
*
* @param r Resulting vector of the reflection.
* @param v Vector to reflect.
* @param n Normal to reflect off of.
*/
void vect_reflect( Vector2d* r, Vector2d* v, Vector2d* n )
{
double dot;
dot = vect_dot( v, n );
r->x = v->x - ((2. * dot) * n->x);
r->y = v->y - ((2. * dot) * n->y);
r->mod = MOD(r->x,r->y);
r->angle = MOD(r->x,r->y);
}
/**
* @brief Vector dot product.
*
* @param a Vector 1 for dot product.
* @param b Vector 2 for dot product.
* @return Dot product of vectors.
*/
double vect_dot( Vector2d* a, Vector2d* b )
{
return a->x * b->x + a->y * b->y;
}
/**
* @brief Determines the magnitude of the source vector components.
*
* @param[out] u Parallel component to reference vector.
* @param[out] v Perpendicular component to reference vector.
* @param source Source vector.
* @param reference_vector Reference vector.
*/
void vect_uv( double* u, double* v, Vector2d* source, Vector2d* reference_vector )
{
Vector2d unit_parallel, unit_perpendicular;
vect_uv_decomp(&unit_parallel, &unit_perpendicular, reference_vector);
*u = vect_dot(source, &unit_parallel);
*v = vect_dot(source, &unit_perpendicular);
}
/**
* @brief Does UV decomposition of the reference vector.
*
* @param[out] u Parallel component of the reference vector.
* @param[out] v Perpendicular component of the reference vector.
* @param reference_vector The reference vector to decompose.
*/
void vect_uv_decomp( Vector2d* u, Vector2d* v, Vector2d* reference_vector )
{
vect_pset(u, 1, VANGLE(*reference_vector));
vect_pset(v, 1, VANGLE(*reference_vector)+M_PI_2);
}
/*
* S O L I D
*/
/**
* @brief Updates the solid's position using an Euler integration.
*
* Simple method
*
* d^2 x(t) / d t^2 = a, a = constant (acceleration)
* x'(0) = v, x(0) = p
*
* d x(t) / d t = a*t + v, v = constant (initial velocity)
* x(t) = a/2*t + v*t + p, p = constant (initial position)
*
* since dt isn't actually differential this gives us ERROR!
* so watch out with big values for dt
*
*/
static void solid_update_euler (Solid *obj, const double dt)
{
double px,py, vx,vy, ax,ay, th;
double cdir, sdir;
/* make sure angle doesn't flip */
obj->dir += obj->dir_vel*dt;
if (obj->dir >= 2*M_PI)
obj->dir -= 2*M_PI;
if (obj->dir < 0.)
obj->dir += 2*M_PI;
/* Initial positions. */
px = obj->pos.x;
py = obj->pos.y;
vx = obj->vel.x;
vy = obj->vel.y;
th = obj->thrust;
/* Save direction. */
sdir = sin(obj->dir);
cdir = cos(obj->dir);
/* Get acceleration. */
ax = th*cdir / obj->mass;
ay = th*sdir / obj->mass;
/* p = v*dt + 0.5*a*dt^2 */
px += vx*dt + 0.5*ax * dt*dt;
py += vy*dt + 0.5*ay * dt*dt;
/* Update position and velocity. */
vect_cset( &obj->vel, vx, vy );
vect_cset( &obj->pos, px, py );
}
/**
* @brief Runge-Kutta method of updating a solid based on its acceleration.
*
* Runge-Kutta 4 method
*
* d^2 x(t) / d t^2 = a, a = constant (acceleration)
* x'(0) = v, x(0) = p
* x'' = f( t, x, x' ) = ( x' , a )
*
* x_{n+1} = x_n + h/6 (k1 + 2*k2 + 3*k3 + k4)
* h = (b-a)/2
* k1 = f(t_n, X_n ), X_n = (x_n, x'_n)
* k2 = f(t_n + h/2, X_n + h/2*k1)
* k3 = f(t_n + h/2, X_n + h/2*k2)
* k4 = f(t_n + h, X_n + h*k3)
*
* x_{n+1} = x_n + h/6*(6x'_n + 3*h*a, 4*a)
*
*
* Main advantage comes thanks to the fact that Naev is on a 2d plane.
* Therefore RK chops it up in chunks and actually creates a tiny curve
* instead of approximating the curve for a tiny straight line.
*/
#define RK4_MIN_H 0.01 /**< Minimal pass we want. */
static void solid_update_rk4 (Solid *obj, const double dt)
{
int i, N; /* for iteration, and pass calculation */
double h, px,py, vx,vy; /* pass, and position/velocity values */
double ix,iy, tx,ty, ax,ay, th; /* initial and temporary cartesian vector values */
double vmod, vang;
int vint;
int limit; /* limit speed? */
/* Initial positions and velocity. */
px = obj->pos.x;
py = obj->pos.y;
vx = obj->vel.x;
vy = obj->vel.y;
limit = (obj->speed_max >= 0.);
/* Initial RK parameters. */
if (dt > RK4_MIN_H)
N = (int)(dt / RK4_MIN_H);
else
N = 1;
vmod = MOD( vx, vy );
vint = (int) vmod/100.;
if (N < vint)
N = vint;
h = dt / (double)N; /* step */
/* Movement Quantity Theorem: m*a = \sum f */
th = obj->thrust / obj->mass;
for (i=0; i < N; i++) { /* iterations */
/* Calculate acceleration for the frame. */
ax = th*cos(obj->dir);
ay = th*sin(obj->dir);
/* Limit the speed. */
if (limit) {
vmod = MOD( vx, vy );
if (vmod > obj->speed_max) {
/* We limit by applying a force against it. */
vang = ANGLE( vx, vy ) + M_PI;
vmod = 3. * (vmod - obj->speed_max);
/* Update accel. */
ax += vmod * cos(vang);
ay += vmod * sin(vang);
}
}
/* x component */
tx = ix = vx;
tx += 2.*ix + h*tx;
tx += 2.*ix + h*tx;
tx += ix + h*tx;
tx *= h/6.;
px += tx;
vx += ax * h;
/* y component */
ty = iy = vy;
ty += 2.*(iy + h/2.*ty);
ty += 2.*(iy + h/2.*ty);
ty += iy + h*ty;
ty *= h/6.;
py += ty;
vy += ay * h;
/* rotation. */
obj->dir += obj->dir_vel*h;
}
vect_cset( &obj->vel, vx, vy );
vect_cset( &obj->pos, px, py );
/* Sanity check. */
if (obj->dir >= 2.*M_PI)
obj->dir -= 2.*M_PI;
else if (obj->dir < 0.)
obj->dir += 2.*M_PI;
}
/**
* @brief Gets the maximum speed of any object with speed and thrust.
*/
double solid_maxspeed( Solid *s, double speed, double thrust )
{
return speed + thrust / (s->mass * 3.);
}
/**
* @brief Initializes a new Solid.
*
* @param dest Solid to initialize.
* @param mass Mass to set solid to.
* @param dir Solid initial direction.
* @param pos Initial solid position.
* @param vel Initial solid velocity.
*/
void solid_init( Solid* dest, const double mass, const double dir,
const Vector2d* pos, const Vector2d* vel, int update )
{
memset(dest, 0, sizeof(Solid));
dest->mass = mass;
/* Set direction velocity. */
dest->dir_vel = 0.;
/* Set force. */
dest->thrust = 0.;
/* Set direction. */
dest->dir = dir;
if ((dest->dir > 2.*M_PI) || (dest->dir < 0.))
dest->dir = fmod(dest->dir, 2.*M_PI);
/* Set velocity. */
if (vel == NULL)
vectnull( &dest->vel );
else
vectcpy( &dest->vel, vel );
/* Set position. */
if (pos == NULL)
vectnull( &dest->pos );
else
vectcpy( &dest->pos, pos);
/* Misc. */
dest->speed_max = -1.; /* Negative is invalid. */
/* Handle update. */
switch (update) {
case SOLID_UPDATE_RK4:
dest->update = solid_update_rk4;
break;
case SOLID_UPDATE_EULER:
dest->update = solid_update_euler;
break;
default:
WARN("Solid initialization did not specify correct update function!");
dest->update = solid_update_rk4;
break;
}
}
/**
* @brief Creates a new Solid.
*
* @param mass Mass to set solid to.
* @param dir Solid initial direction.
* @param pos Initial solid position.
* @param vel Initial solid velocity.
* @return A newly created solid.
*/
Solid* solid_create( const double mass, const double dir,
const Vector2d* pos, const Vector2d* vel, int update )
{
Solid* dyn = malloc(sizeof(Solid));
if (dyn==NULL)
ERR("Out of Memory");
solid_init( dyn, mass, dir, pos, vel, update );
return dyn;
}
/**
* @brief Frees an existing solid.
*
* @param src Solid to free.
*/
void solid_free( Solid* src )
{
free(src);
}